Origin of an Uncommon Multiple‐Stroke Positive Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Flash With Different Terminations

Purpose Distribution network protection is a complicated problem and mal-operation of the protective relays due to false settings make the operation of the network unreliable. Besides, obtaining proper settings could be very complicated. This paper aims to discuss an innovative evolutionary Lightning Flash Algorithm (LFA) which is developed for solving the relay coordination problems in distribution networks. The proposed method is inspired from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm phenomenon. LFA is applied on three case study systems including ring, interconnected and radial distribution networks. The power flow analysis is performed in Digsilent Power Factory software; then the collected data are sent to MATLAB software for optimization process. The proposed algorithm provides optimum time multiplier setting and plug setting of all digital overcurrent relays in each system. The results are compared with other methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The result comparisons demonstrate that the proposed LFA can successfully obtain proper relay settings in distribution networks with faster speed of convergence and lower total operation time of relays. Also, it shows the superiority and effectiveness of this method against other algorithms. Design/methodology/approach A novel LFA is designed based on the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm. This method is used to optimally adjust the time multiplier setting and plug setting of the relays in distribution system to provide a proper coordination scheme. Findings The proposed algorithm was tested on three case study systems, and the results were compared with other methods. The results confirmed that the proposed method could optimally adjust the relay settings in the electric distribution system to provide a proper protection scheme. Practical implications The practical implications can be conducted on distribution networks. The studies provided in this paper approve the practical application of the proposed method in providing proper relay protection in real power system. Originality/value This paper proposes a new evolutionary method derived from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in thunderstorm. The proposed method can be used as an optimization toolbox to solve complex optimization problems in practical engineering systems.

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Multiple‐Stroke Positive Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Observed by the FALMA in Winter Thunderstorms in Japan

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2020jd033039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 125 (20) ◽

Author(s):

Ting Wu ◽

Daohong Wang ◽

Nobuyuki Takagi

Keyword(s):

Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽

Multiple Stroke

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Cloud-to-ground lightning flash density and the number of lightning flashes hitting wind turbines in Japan

Electric Power Systems Research ◽

10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 106066 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michihiro Matsui ◽

Koji Michishita ◽

Shigeru Yokoyama

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Lightning Flash ◽

Cloud To Ground Lightning

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Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989–1991

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/93jd02914 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 99 (D5) ◽

pp. 10833 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Richard E. Orville

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Lightning Flash ◽

Cloud To Ground Lightning

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Baseline Consideration for Lightning Location System Based on Magnetic Field Direction Finding to Determine Optimal Grid Cell of Lightning Flash Density Map

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.292 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 292-295

Author(s):

Kongtrakul Nattanapong ◽

Rungseevijitprapa Weerapun

Keyword(s):

Grid Cell ◽

Direction Finding ◽

Lightning Flash ◽

Magnetic Field Direction ◽

Grid Cells ◽

Lightning Strikes ◽

Location System ◽

Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽

Lightning Location System ◽

Density Map

Lightning flash density map from lightning location system is primary for lightning protection. The baseline of lightning location system affects not only location accuracy, but also accuracy of lightning flash density. In order to obtain lightning flash density map, the different baselines were studied to determine optimum grid cell. This paper utilizes the capabilities of Matlab® software to simulate grid cell by using magnetic direction finding technique and Marquardt method. These baselines were generated between 150 km and 250 km. In addition, grid cells were created at spatial resolutions of 10 km to 50 km, and cloud-to-ground lightning strikes were randomly created at density, ranging from 1 to 10 strikes per square kilometer. The mean error values of lightning location system are obtained between 1.756 km and 2.885 km from baseline 150 km to 250 km. Size of optimal grid cells must be designed 21.8 km and 23 km for baselines 150 km and 250 km respectively.

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