Combined Optical and Radio‐Frequency Perspectives on a Hybrid Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Flash Observed by the FORTE Satellite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peterson ◽  
Tracy E. L. Light ◽  
Xuan‐Min Shao
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Hybrid Cloud ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Investigation of Zero Crossing Detection for First Return Stroke in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Idil Abd Rahman ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Akmal Bahari ◽  
Zikri Abadi Baharudin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Seasonal variation of cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the coastal area of the Sea of Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (D11) ◽  
pp. 13207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hojo ◽  
M. Ishii ◽  
T. Kawamura ◽  
F. Suzuki ◽  
H. Komuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

An Isolated Winter Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash Causing Damage and Injury in Connecticut

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Holle ◽  
Raúl E. López ◽  
Kenneth W. Howard ◽  
Kenneth L. Cummins ◽  
Mark D. Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash Characteritics in Meteorogical Conditions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B.B. Gin ◽  
O. Pinto Jr. ◽  
I.R.C.A. Pinto ◽  
O. Mendes Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Optimal overcurrent relay coordination in distribution network based on Lightning Flash Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Kheshti ◽  
Xiaoning Kang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Relay Coordination ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Distribution network protection is a complicated problem and mal-operation of the protective relays due to false settings make the operation of the network unreliable. Besides, obtaining proper settings could be very complicated. This paper aims to discuss an innovative evolutionary Lightning Flash Algorithm (LFA) which is developed for solving the relay coordination problems in distribution networks. The proposed method is inspired from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm phenomenon. LFA is applied on three case study systems including ring, interconnected and radial distribution networks. The power flow analysis is performed in Digsilent Power Factory software; then the collected data are sent to MATLAB software for optimization process. The proposed algorithm provides optimum time multiplier setting and plug setting of all digital overcurrent relays in each system. The results are compared with other methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The result comparisons demonstrate that the proposed LFA can successfully obtain proper relay settings in distribution networks with faster speed of convergence and lower total operation time of relays. Also, it shows the superiority and effectiveness of this method against other algorithms. Design/methodology/approach A novel LFA is designed based on the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in a thunderstorm. This method is used to optimally adjust the time multiplier setting and plug setting of the relays in distribution system to provide a proper coordination scheme. Findings The proposed algorithm was tested on three case study systems, and the results were compared with other methods. The results confirmed that the proposed method could optimally adjust the relay settings in the electric distribution system to provide a proper protection scheme. Practical implications The practical implications can be conducted on distribution networks. The studies provided in this paper approve the practical application of the proposed method in providing proper relay protection in real power system. Originality/value This paper proposes a new evolutionary method derived from the movements of cloud to ground lightning strikes in thunderstorm. The proposed method can be used as an optimization toolbox to solve complex optimization problems in practical engineering systems.

Cloud-to-ground lightning flash density and the number of lightning flashes hitting wind turbines in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 106066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Matsui ◽  
Koji Michishita ◽  
Shigeru Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Baseline Consideration for Lightning Location System Based on Magnetic Field Direction Finding to Determine Optimal Grid Cell of Lightning Flash Density Map

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Kongtrakul Nattanapong ◽  
Rungseevijitprapa Weerapun
Keyword(s):  
Grid Cell ◽  
Direction Finding ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Magnetic Field Direction ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Location System ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Lightning Location System ◽  
Density Map

Lightning flash density map from lightning location system is primary for lightning protection. The baseline of lightning location system affects not only location accuracy, but also accuracy of lightning flash density. In order to obtain lightning flash density map, the different baselines were studied to determine optimum grid cell. This paper utilizes the capabilities of Matlab® software to simulate grid cell by using magnetic direction finding technique and Marquardt method. These baselines were generated between 150 km and 250 km. In addition, grid cells were created at spatial resolutions of 10 km to 50 km, and cloud-to-ground lightning strikes were randomly created at density, ranging from 1 to 10 strikes per square kilometer. The mean error values of lightning location system are obtained between 1.756 km and 2.885 km from baseline 150 km to 250 km. Size of optimal grid cells must be designed 21.8 km and 23 km for baselines 150 km and 250 km respectively.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations of NLDN-Reported Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Holle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Composite Maps ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract National maps of cloud-to-ground lightning flash density (in flashes per square kilometer per year) for one or more years have been produced since the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) was first deployed across the contiguous United States in 1989. However, no single publication includes maps of cloud-to-ground flash density across the domain and adjacent areas during the entire diurnal cycle. Cloud-to-ground lightning has strong and variable diurnal changes across the United States that should be taken into account for outdoor lightning-vulnerable activities, particularly those involving human safety. For this study, NLDN cloud-to-ground flash data were compiled in 20 km by 20 km grid squares from 2005 to 2012 for the lower 48 states. A unique feature of this study is that maps were prepared to coincide with local time, not time zones. NLDN flashes were assigned to 2-h time periods in 5° longitude bands. Composite maps of the 2-h periods with the most lightning in each grid square were also prepared. The afternoon from 1200 to 1800 local mean time provides two-thirds of the day’s lightning. However, lightning activity starts before noon over western mountains and onshore along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. These areas are where recurring lightning-vulnerable recreation and workplace activities should expect the threat at these times, rather than view them as an anomaly. An additional result of the study is the midday beginning of lightning over the higher terrain of the western states, then the maximum activity moves steadily eastward. These storms pose a threat to late-afternoon and evening recreation. In some Midwest and plains locations, lightning is most frequent after midnight.

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