A Different View of Stone Monuments, Memorials and Buildings of Washington, D.C.: Washington, D.C., July 13, 1989

ABSTRACT Triliths are megalithic monuments scattered across the coastal plains of southern and southeastern Arabia. They consist of aligned standing stones with a parallel row of large hearths and form a space, the meaning of which is undoubtedly significant but nonetheless still unknown. This paper presents a new radiocarbon (14C) dataset acquired during the two field seasons 2018–2019 of the TSMO (Trilith Stone Monuments of Oman) project which investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the triliths. The excavation and sampling of trilith hearths across Oman yielded a dataset of 30 new 14C dates, extending the use of trilith monuments to as early as the Iron Age III period (600–300 BC). The earlier dates are linked to two-phase trilith sites in south-central Oman. The three 14C pairs collected from the two-phase trilith sites indicated gaps between the trilith construction phases from 35 to 475 years (2 σ). The preliminary spatio-temporal analysis shows the geographical expansion of populations using trilith monuments during the 5th to 1st century BC and a later pull back in the 1st and 2nd century AD. The new 14C dataset for trilith sites will help towards a better understanding of Iron Age communities in southeastern Arabia.

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Howard Williams, Joanne Kirton, and Meggen Gondek, eds., Early Medieval Stone Monuments: Materiality, Biography, Landscape. (Boydell Studies in Medieval Art and Architecture.) Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2015. Pp. xiv, 279; many black-and-white figures and 4 tables. $99. ISBN: 978-1-78327-074-3. Table of contents available online at https://boydellandbrewer.com/early-medieval-stone-monuments-hb.html

Speculum ◽

10.1086/699745 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1270-1271

Author(s):

Maggie M. Williams

Keyword(s):

Medieval Art ◽

Early Medieval ◽

Stone Monuments ◽

Black And White ◽

Art And Architecture

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Protection of Stone Monuments Using a Brushing Treatment with Ammonium Oxalate

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11040379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Domagoj Mudronja ◽

Frederik Vanmeert ◽

Stjepko Fazinic ◽

Koen Janssens ◽

Darko Tibljas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Weathering ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Protective Coatings ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Calcite Dissolution ◽

X Ray ◽

Stone Monuments ◽

Surface Corrosion

Stone monuments and buildings are susceptible to weathering. Carbonate-based stones are especially vulnerable in acidic environments, whereas magmatic acidic stones are more susceptible to chemical weathering in basic environments. To slow down surface corrosion of limestone and marble artworks/buildings, protective coatings which inhibit calcite dissolution have been proposed. In this work, samples from two stone types with different porosity were treated with ammonium oxalate (AmOx) to create a protective layer of calcium oxalate (CaOx) using the previously developed brushing method. Two different synchrotron microscopy experiments were performed to determine its protective capability. X-ray powder diffraction (SR-μ-XRPD) in transmission geometry allowed visualization of the distributions of calcium carbonate and oxalates along the sample depths. In a second step, X-ray fluorescence (SR-μ-XRF) was used to check the efficiency/integrity of the protective surface coating layer. This was done by measuring the sulfur distribution on the stone surface after exposing the protected stones to sulfuric acid. XRPD showed the formation of a protective oxalate layer with a thickness of 5–15 µm on the less porous stone, while a 20–30 µm thick layer formed on the more porous stone. The XRF study showed that the optimal treatment time depends on the stone porosity. Increasing the treatment time from 1 to 3 h resulted in a decreased efficiency of the protective layer for the low porosity stone. We assume that this is due to the formation of vertical channels (cracks) in the protective layer.

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On Rude Stone Monuments in the Country of the Carnutes (Department Eure et Loir, France)

The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ◽

10.2307/2842538 ◽

1890 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

A. L. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Stone Monuments

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On the observation of sun and stars made in some British stone circles

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1908.0026 ◽

1908 ◽

Vol 80 (538) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Special Class ◽

Royal Society ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Stone Monuments ◽

Made In

In previous communications to the Royal Society, I have shown that if we consider the sun’s declination at the quarter-days of the May year and at the solstices, and also the changes due to precession in the places of five or six of the more conspicuous stars visible, at any epoch, in these latitudes we are able to account for the alignments investigated in the stone monuments in Cornwall and Devon. The present paper deals with a special class of circles in Aberdeenshire in which the method of indicating alignments shows a striking difference. The Cornish method was that still set out in the instructions for the erection of the Gorsedd circle of the Welsh Eisteddfod, the sighting, or directing, stones were placed some distance outside the circle. In Aberdeenshire the method employed was to place a long, recumbent stone generally between two of the upright stones of the circle itself and to obtain the direction of the rising sun or star by sighting across the circle at right angles to the length of the recumbent stone.

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