Developmental differences in episodic retrieval: The role of differences in concept representations in semantic memory.

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Concept Representations

The role of semantic memory in prospective memory and episodic future thinking: new insights from a case of semantic dementia

Memory ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Valentina La Corte ◽  
Sophie Ferrieux ◽  
Maria Abram ◽  
Anne Bertrand ◽  
Bruno Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking

scholarly journals The convergence and divergence of episodic and semantic functions across lateral parietal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina F. Humphreys ◽  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

AbstractSeveral decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research have highlighted the importance of lateral parietal cortex (LPC) across a myriad of cognitive domains. Yet, despite the prominence of this region the underlying function of LPC remains unclear. Two domains that have placed particular emphasis on LPC involvement are semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval. From each domain, sophisticated models have been proposed as to the underlying function, as well as the more domain-general that LPC is engaged by any form of internally-directed cognition (episodic and semantic retrieval both being examples if this process). Here we directly address these alternatives using a combination of fMRI and DTI white-matter connectivity data. The results show that ventral LPC (angular gyrus) was positively engaged during episodic retrieval but disengaged during semantic memory retrieval. In addition, the level of activity negatively varied with task difficulty in the semantic task whereas episodic activation was independent of difficulty. In contrast, dorsal LPC (intraparietal sulcus) showed domain general activation that was positively correlated with task difficulty. In terms of structural connectivity, a dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior gradient of connectivity was found to different processing networks (e.g., mid-angular gyrus (AG) connected with episodic retrieval). We propose a unifying model in which LPC as a whole might share a common underlying function (e.g., multimodal buffering) and variations across subregions arise due to differences in the underlying white matter connectivity.

Vascular effects of platelet-activating factor in lambs: role of cyclo- and lipoxygenase

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2559-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
S. Hibler ◽  
B. O. Ibe ◽  
J. U. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Arterial Constriction ◽  
Isolated Lungs

In adult sheep, platelet-activating factor (PAF) effects include systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension. To identify developmental differences in vascular responses to PAF, we studied the effects of C18- and C16-PAF in 49 +/- 2- (SE) day-old lambs. Responses of upstream (arteries and microvessels) and venous segments of the lung to C18-PAF were determined both in vivo and in isolated lungs. In isolated lungs, the role of eicosanoids in PAF effects was also determined. In vivo, both C18- and C16-PAF caused a significant increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. The magnitude of vascular responses to C16-PAF was greater than that to C18-PAF. C18-PAF constricted both upstream and venous segments of the pulmonary circulation. Cyclooxygenase inhibition in isolated lungs attenuated arterial constriction to C18-PAF, whereas simultaneous cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition completely blocked the effects of C18-PAF. In summary, in contrast to PAF effects in adult sheep, PAF constricts both systemic and pulmonary vessels in lambs, with significant pulmonary venous constriction. Eicosanoids, especially lipoxygenase products, play a major role in mediating PAF effects in the lung.

The Role of Melodic and Verbal Organization in the Reproduction of Rhythmic Groups by Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gérard ◽  
Catherine Auxiette
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Local Organization ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Tonal System

Children of 5 to 6 years are generally thought not to have acquired a sense of stable key in music. This experiment shows that specialized tutoring allows them to acquire and use the specific functions of the tonic and dominant as points of stability and boundaries for grouping rhythmic sequences in a reproduction task. Untrained children of the same age do not use the cues provided by the tonal system, but lean rather upon verbal boundaries (in the sense of syntactic constituents). Three analyses of the results demonstrated that (a) verbal and melodic cues superimposed onto rhythmic models were used differently according to the musical competence of the child; (b) children do not always respect tempo or accentuation, but generally produce highly structured sequence; (c) the temporal sequences reproduced have a hierarchical organization on two levels: local organization, which can be considered related to episodic memory and global organization, which is related to semantic memory and so is dependent on the subject's musical knowledge.

Primary Grade Children's Memory for Parts of Speech

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
Elliott W. Simon ◽  
John Parker ◽  
John N. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Comprehension Strategies ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Unusual Finding

Developmental differences in elementary school (kindergarten, first and second grade) children's free recall for parts of speech were investigated using sentences with normal and scrambled word order. The children were presented four sentences with normal syntax and four sentences with scrambled word order. There were significant effects of age, syntax, and rate of presentation; these replicated previous research. The unusual finding was that the kindergarten children, when presented with scrambled word strings, recalled more verbs than either the first or second grade children. It was hypothesized that this occurred because either the kindergarten children failed to detect the scrambled nature of syntaxless strings, or there is a change in the comprehension strategies which de-emphasizes the role of the verb.

scholarly journals The Role of Shape in Semantic Memory Organization of Objects

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Lisanne van Weelden ◽  
Joost Schilperoord ◽  
Marc Swerts ◽  
Diane Pecher
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Semantic Categories

Visual information contributes fundamentally to the process of object categorization. The present study investigated whether the degree of activation of visual information in this process is dependent on the contextual relevance of this information. We used the Proactive Interference (PI-release) paradigm. In four experiments, we manipulated the information by which objects could be categorized and subsequently be retrieved from memory. The pattern of PI-release showed that if objects could be stored and retrieved both by (non-perceptual) semantic and (perceptual) shape information, then shape information was overruled by semantic information. If, however, semantic information could not be (satisfactorily) used to store and retrieve objects, then objects were stored in memory in terms of their shape. The latter effect was found to be strongest for objects from identical semantic categories.

scholarly journals The role of the right temporal lobe in semantic memory: evidence from semantic dementia

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Komori ◽  
Manabu Ikeda ◽  
Yoshitsugu Nakagawa ◽  
Hirotaka Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals The role of retrieval type and feedback in test-potentiated new learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Pavlić ◽  
Denis Vlašiček ◽  
Dragutin Ivanec
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
New Learning ◽  
To Receive

This study explored the effects of retrieval and feedback on test-potentiated new learning. Participants read a text divided into three parts, between which they engaged in either episodic retrieval, semantic retrieval, or rereading. Participants in the retrieval conditions were randomly assigned to either receive or not to receive feedback on their achievement. We administered multiple choice questions whose distractors were designed specifically to facilitate proactive interference. Planned analyses showed that participants in the episodic retrieval condition scored higher on the final test than participants in the other two groups. Feedback was found to have no bearing on new learning --- neither on its own, nor via interaction with the interpolated activity type. No effect regarding the number of proactive intrusions was found, although exploratory Bayesian analyses preclude rejecting an effect. Results are interpreted in terms of integration and metacognitive frameworks that have previously been suggested as explanations of the effect.

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