Frequency and intensity of social anxiety in Asian Americans and European Americans.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Lee ◽  
Sumie Okazaki ◽  
Hyung Chol Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
European Americans

Social Anxiety and Assertiveness: The Role of Self-Beliefs in Asian Americans and European Americans

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Aoki ◽  
Jack Mearns ◽  
Sharon E. Robinson Kurpius
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Race Ethnicity

There is scholarly disagreement about whether Asian Americans are more socially anxious and less assertive than European Americans. We examined this question by exploring the interrelations among race/ethnicity, social anxiety, assertiveness, and self-beliefs related to mood regulation and sense of self. Participants were 72 Asian Americans and 63 European Americans who completed measures assessing negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE), self-construal, social anxiety, and assertiveness. Moderated regression analyses revealed that independent self-construal, a self-belief, predicted both social anxiety and assertiveness regardless of participant race/ethnicity. Also, less social anxiety predicted more assertiveness, regardless of one's NMRE, also a self-belief. The most powerful predictors of assertiveness were social anxiety and self-construal. These findings suggest that when working with clients experiencing concerns about social anxiety or assertiveness, mental health counselors should explore their clients' self-beliefs, regardless of whether clients are Asian American or European American.

Comparing Social Anxiety Between Asian Americans and European Americans: An Examination of Measurement Invariance

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Krieg ◽  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
David C. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Invariant Measures ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Scalar Invariant ◽  
Meta Analyses

There have been over 30 studies and two meta-analyses comparing social anxiety between Asian Americans and European Americans. However, few have investigated the invariance of social anxiety measures that would make these comparisons appropriate. In the current study, we systematically examined psychometric properties and configural, metric, and scalar invariance of five social anxiety measures and four short forms that have been used more than once to compare Asian Americans ( n = 232) and European Americans ( n = 193). We found that four (i.e., SPS-6, SIAS-6, SPS, and SPAI-18) of the nine scales were scalar invariant, three scales (i.e., SIAS, SPAI, and B-FNES) only achieved configural invariance, and two scales (i.e., FNES and SADS) failed to achieve configural invariance. Latent mean comparisons based on the scalar invariant measures revealed higher social anxiety scores for Asian Americans than European Americans. The findings are discussed with regard to the issues and challenges when comparing social anxiety among different cultural and ethnic groups.

Left Out But “In Control”? Culture Variations in Perceived Control When Excluded by a Close Other

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062098743
Author(s):  
Sasha Y. Kimel ◽  
Dominik Mischkowski ◽  
Yuki Miyagawa ◽  
Yu Niiya
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
European Americans

Research and theorizing suggest two competing—yet untested—hypotheses for how European Americans’ and Asians’ feeling of being “in control” might differ when excluded by a close other (e.g., a good friend). Drawing on different national contexts (i.e., United States, Japan), cultural groups (i.e., Japanese, Asian/Asian Americans, European Americans), and exclusion paradigms (i.e., relived, in vivo), four separate experiments ( N = 2,662) examined feelings of control when excluded by a close- or distant-other. A meta-analysis across these experiments indicated that Asians and Asian Americans felt more in control than European Americans when the excluder was a close other. In contrast, no consistent pattern emerged when the excluder was a distant other. This research has implications for cultural variations in aggressiveness as well as health and well-being following exclusion’s threat to perceived control.

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