A Brief Analysis About the Drug Addiction by Youths in India

People have been taking the drug in various forms for many years for enjoyment, relaxation, sleeping, stimulation, or another reason. In the starting, people takes the drug for taste and alter the consciousness, behavior, mood, and thoughts but he/she becomes habitual and dependent on any substance use disorder such as alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin, amphetamines, or illegal drugs. As per my thoughts and watching surroundings, if you ask a drug intake person “how do you become a drug addictive”? Most people will answer this “they started taking the drug in their friend circle, at relatives home or with relationship partner”. The first time they take it for taste or due to forcing by someone but after some time this becomes a habit. Peer pressure can fall you in this black world. Also, if someone has family history of addiction then he/she may chance to catch this addiction and make habitual others as well. So good friend circle really matters. Drugs such as heroin and marijuana are structured in the same way as chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are produced naturally by the human brain. As a result of this similarity, the drugs can fool the receptors of human brain and activate the nerve cells in such a way that they send some abnormal messages. In case of drugs like methamphetamine and cocaine, the nerve cells get activated and they release extraordinarily large volumes of neurotransmitters. They are also capable of preventing the brain from recycling these chemicals in a normal manner. A normal level of production is necessary in order to end the signal between neurons. Keywords: Alcohol – Beer, Wine, & Liquor, Opioids – Heroin, Fentanyl & Oxycodone, Cannabinoids – Marijuana & Hashish, Benzodiazepines – Ativan, Valium & Xanax, Stimulants – Adderall, Cocaine & Meth.

Parenting Of Parents Work In Instilling Religious Attitudes And Respectful Attitudes In Adolescents

Parents, especially mothers are responsible for instilling the value of religious and social life in children, including adolescents through proper parenting. However, many parents choose to entrust the child completely to the school because it is busy with their work. This study aims to explain the parenting of working parents in instilling religious attitudes and respectful attitudes in adolescents, explain the factors that influence parenting, and explain the obstacles and solutions parents work in foster care. This study is a qualitative descriptive field study involving ten working parents. This research data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study found that the parenting used by sources is democratic parenting. Trust factors, comparison of parenting models, child gender, parental behavior, and character of children are factors that influence parenting in instilling religious attitudes and respectful attitudes in adolescents. In addition, there are obstacles in applying parenting, such as limited time together between parents and children because parents are busy working, child characters, mobile phones, child association, and social media. The solution in overcoming these obstacles is to be a good role model, make the best use of time to get to know the child's friendship environment, not only be a parent but can be a good friend and listener, and have to check the child’s phone.

Doctor – Patient Relationship in Clinical Legal – Medicine Practice

"Introduction. In Romania legal medicine suppose professional activities as forensic pathologist and legal doctor are facing victims that request documenting traumatic lesions if any or sexual abuses, prejudices, working capacity, malpraxis, etc. Objective. The objective of our work is to determine the special kind of doctor-patient relationship in clinical legal medicine and to analyze the ethical influences. Material and methods. More than 1500 cases of medico-legal examinations are performed in the National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici in Bucharest each year. Most of them are domestic violence requests or car accidents. Discussions. In the late 30 years (Ezechiel JE, Linda LE, JAMA 1992) found out 4 different relationship models that may be applied in medical practice; the paternalistic model (the patient accepts his doctor as his legal and moral representative), informative model (the patient expresses his autonomy), interpretative model (the doctor is a good friend in need) and the deliberative model of self-construction of the knowledge that the patient must have in order to have a voluntary decision. Conclusions. In clinical legal medicine the patient is not only a patient but a victim also. Therefore, the relationship is double folded. With his patient the legal doctor develops initially an informative model, then an interpretative model. With his victim the doctor develops initially a paternalistic approach (passive character type) or an informative one (active character type), usually an interpretative model as most highly requested (What would you do if you were I?) or the deliberative model when evaluating prejudices, etc. "

Memories of Terry Erwin

We were fortunate to have known Terry not only as an excellent professional coleopterist and an enthusiastic colleague, but also as a good friend. Entomological meetings for us came with an evening supper or two with Terry and the kind of laid-back personal catch-up that happens only among friends with long-term interest in each other’s lives. Through our connections with the University of Alberta and George Ball we were also happy members of Terry’s basal academic family. While we will join the rest of a broader scientific community in missing his presence in development of ideas about beetles, biodiversity and evolution, the kinds of work that Terry promoted will continue. We will, of course, be interested in following how the understanding of carabids and nature develops further from Terry’s contributions. This will most certainly continue to grow, partly through the efforts of those that he has influenced. Every practicing research scientist has some role to play in the great chain of discovery, and much of this volume is meant to celebrate Terry’s contributions and showcase how they have influenced the work of others. Our own more enduring sense of loss will flow from the personal interactions with Terry that were generally part of our timelines. Despite the sadness associated with such loss, our memories of interactions with Terry underscore a sense of joy and gratefulness for having connected with him interpersonally in life. Given Terry’s affable and social nature, many others will have such memories. Thus, when Lyubomir Penev asked us to coordinate a selection of ‘memories’ for this memorial volume, we were happy to undertake the task and gather together a selection of memories of our friend, Terry Erwin. What follows is a series of recollections by people who knew and worked with him from a number of perspectives during a broad range of his academic career. We are most grateful to those who have been willing to share their reflections. These are presented here as a way of reaching beyond Terry’s considerable scientific influence to also preserve some sense of his influence on the lives of people, and the ways in which he encouraged and inspired them. We thank all the contributors for their efforts and Diane Hollingdale for work to bring the included photographs to the best possible publication standard. John R. Spence Edmonton, Alberta David H. Kavanaugh San Francisco, California David R. Maddison Corvallis, Oregon

Autistic and peudo-autistic traits in ongoing complex trauma

AimsTo compare the neurodevelopmental profiles of Albanian street children to those predicted by the Coventry grid.BackgroundA street children's centre had requested help to meet children's emotional needs. No program exists for children experiencing ongoing complex trauma. With input from widely-experienced consultant psychiatrist and consultant psychologist, a very low-intensity program of coping skills was piloted. Extensive anonymised notes were taken as part of the piloting.The Coventry grid is a clinical tool comparing patterns of difficulties typically seen in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) versus attachment difficulties. It's based on clinical experience and invites ongoing feedback.Method12 Children aged 5–12 years completed the two-week program. The notes were examined for their relevance to areas of the Coventry Grid.ResultThe children showed both traits typical of ASD and of attachment problems. Identifying emotions was impossible for the youngest group (5–7 years); while the older groups could say whether someone was likely to feel “good” or “bad” but struggled to differentiate further.Fantasy and symbolic play were hard for the younger children. If asked to imagine a situation, they replied “but that's not happening”. One child constantly hugged a stuffed doll, but couldn't use it for play. Both younger groups found it hard to imagine a safe-place, though they could say what they wanted in it (chocolate and a working lightbulb). The oldest group all chose a real place related to the centre.Generalising was difficult for all the children. The older children could say whether a story character was a good friend, but not apply this to real life. The youngest children were told a story about a dangerous stranger. Afterwards, the children said they would still go away with strangers as only the man in the story had said he wanted to harm children.The younger children were diffusely attached, but the boys’ eye contact, gesturing, and language were normal in all age groups. All children formed friendships easily, played in a group and were intensely loyal to siblings. They didn't show restricted interests, distress at changes to routine or sensory difficulties. They showed good awareness of the widely divergent social rules at the centre and at home.ConclusionThe children showed a mix of traits usually associated with attachment difficulties and those usually associated with ASD. They may be different from UK clinic samples as they continued to experience severe trauma.

169 Qualitative Identification of Multilevel Influences on Sleep in Latinx Pre-Adolescents

Introduction The prevalence of obesity among U.S. Latinx children is nearly 10% higher than in their white counterparts. Long-term success of diet and activity level-focused interventions has been limited. Poor sleep is associated with increased obesity risk in youth. Application of social ecological models of behavior change to identify influences of sleep in Latinx youth may reveal unique intervention targets to improve their sleep, which may reduce obesity risk. This qualitative study aimed to identify the multilevel factors that Latinx pre-adolescents believe affect their sleep duration, quality and timing. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted with forty-six 10-to-12-year-old Latinx pre-adolescents (50% female). Focus groups continued until saturation was reached, and no new information was emerging. Iterative deductive thematic content analysis was conducted by two independent coders (IRR=.815). Results Three themes affecting children’s sleep resulted: 1) Individual-level (emotional/ physical feelings or behaviors); 2) Social (direct interactions with others); and 3) Environmental (characteristics, objects or perceptions of physical environment) influences. Individual-level influences were primarily psychological (e.g., stress, “Whenever I have a test the next day, I am stressed and I wake up I’m like so tired”) and behavioral (e.g., activity levels, “just sitting just the whole day… when it comes to nighttime, you’re not even tired”), and affected sleep quality and timing. Interactions with siblings (e.g., “She [sister] always gets mad at me and like in the night she like wakes me up” and friends (e.g., “arguments like with a really good friend… the whole night I think about it”) were social factors affecting sleep quality. Environmental influences came from within the sleep area and neighborhood, including temperature (e.g., “I like my pillows cold”) and noise (e.g., “My neighbor’s dog… they always take them out at night time to like play with them and then I could hear the dog barking and them screaming”). Conclusion While social influences exist, individual feelings and sleep environment seem to be more prevalent impacts on sleep of Latinx children. Findings support the notion that developing multi-level strategies may be effective in enhancing sleep duration, quality and timing for Latinx pre-adolescents. Support (if any) NIH-NHLBI 5K01HL140283

Ricardo’s Side of The Malthus Papers in the Collection of Kanto Gakuen University

In 1997 and 2004, John Pullen and Trevor Hughes Parry published a set of manuscripts by and relating to Thomas Robert Malthus held at the Kanto Gakuen University in Japan. Their achievement is impressive. However a few important elements relating to these manuscripts escaped their attention. These elements concern Malthus, but also his very good friend and theoretical opponent David Ricardo.The purpose of this article is to point out these elements inasmuch as they enable 1) to establish the correct dating and contextualisation of some manuscripts, and 2) to attribute the true authorship of some other material.