How can we better disentangle placebo and drug effects?

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn P. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects

Reduction in Pain Sensitivity from Pharmacological Elevation of Blood Pressure in Persons with Chronically Low Blood Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Duschek ◽  
Heike Heiss ◽  
Boriana Buechner ◽  
Rainer Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
Present Trial

Recent studies have revealed evidence for increased pain sensitivity in individuals with chronically low blood pressure. The present trial explored whether pain sensitivity can be reduced by pharmacological elevation of blood pressure. Effects of the sympathomimetic midodrine on threshold and tolerance to heat pain were examined in 52 hypotensive persons (mean blood pressure 96/61 mmHg) based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Heat stimuli were applied to the forearm via a contact thermode. Confounding of drug effects on pain perception with changes in skin temperature, temperature sensitivity, and mood were statistically controlled for. Compared to placebo, higher pain threshold and tolerance, increased blood pressure, as well as reduced heart rate were observed under the sympathomimetic condition. Increases in systolic blood pressure between points of measurement correlated positively with increases in pain threshold and tolerance, and decreases in heart rate were associated with increases in pain threshold. The findings underline the causal role of hypotension in the augmented pain sensitivity related to this condition. Pain reduction as a function of heart rate decrease suggests involvement of a baroreceptor-related mechanism in the pain attrition. The increased proneness of persons with chronic hypotension toward clinical pain is discussed.

An Integrative Approach to Modeling Drug Effects

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
George V. Rebec
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
Integrative Approach

Why evaluate for residual drug effects.

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects

Clinical Investigations of Drug Effects in Women

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H. Mendelson ◽  
◽  
Nancy K. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
Clinical Investigations

Man am I Stoned, I think! The role of experience and side effects in the perception of drug effects

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis Bakker ◽  
Albert S. Carlin ◽  
Robert Heaton ◽  
Reese T. Jones ◽  
Theodore X. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Effects

Analysis of the Multi-Channel Epileptiform EEG Using the Markov Chains Formalism

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Penczek ◽  
W. Grochulski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Markov Network ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Joint Probability Functions ◽  
Dependent State

Abstract:A multi-level scheme of syntactic reduction of the epileptiform EEG data is briefly discussed and the possibilities it opens up in describing the dynamic behaviour of a multi-channel system are indicated. A new algorithm for the inference of a Markov network from finite sets of sample symbol strings is introduced. Formulae for the time-dependent state occupation probabilities, as well as joint probability functions for pairs of channels, are given. An exemplary case of analysis in these terms, taken from an investigation of anticonvulsant drug effects on EEG seizure patterns, is presented.

The Effect of Dipyridamole and RA 233 on Human Platelet Function in Vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Rifkin ◽  
Marjorie B. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryDipyridamole (Persantin) is reported to prolong platelet survival and inhibit embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Fifty jxM dipyridamole failed to reduce the high percentage of platelets retained when heparinized human blood was passed through a glass bead column, but prolonged the inhibition of retention caused by disturbing blood in vitro. Possibly the prostheses act like disturbance. Although RA 233 was as effective as dipyridamole in inhibiting the return of retention, it was less effective in preventing the uptake of adenosine into erythrocytes, and more active in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation and release. Thus there is no simple relation between these drug effects.

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