Exploratory Factor Analytic Evaluation of the DSM-IV Personality Disorders

There is a lack of validated questionnaires for screening personality disorders (PDs) in older adults (e.g. Van Alphen et al., 2012). The development of measurement instruments is hampered because the criteria of DSM-IV-TR PD are not age-neutral that might lead to over- and underdiagnosis (Balsis et al., 2007). As far as we know only three measurement instruments have been specifically developed for older adults, including the Hetero- Anamnestic Personality questionnaire (HAP; Barendse et al., 2013). However, we did not find any articles concerning the criterion validity of all ten PDs in an elderly population. In this Delphi study, a panel of experts examined two research questions: (1) To what extend are the items of the HAP age-neutral? (2) Does the HAP detect all ten specific PD's of DSM-IV-TR, based on qualitative research?

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Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706009482 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 983-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

LESLIE C. MOREY ◽

CHRISTOPHER J. HOPWOOD ◽

JOHN G. GUNDERSON ◽

ANDREW E. SKODOL ◽

M. TRACIE SHEA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Validation Data ◽

Categorical Diagnosis ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Dimensional Models ◽

Marker Variables ◽

Over Time

Background. The categorical classification system for personality disorder (PD) has been frequently criticized and several alternative dimensional models have been proposed.Method. Antecedent, concurrent and predictive markers of construct validity were examined for three models of PDs: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) model and the DSM-IV in the Collaborative Study of Personality Disorders (CLPS) sample.Results. All models showed substantial validity across a variety of marker variables over time. Dimensional models (including dimensionalized DSM-IV) consistently outperformed the conventional categorical diagnosis in predicting external variables, such as subsequent suicidal gestures and hospitalizations. FFM facets failed to improve upon the validity of higher-order factors upon cross-validation. Data demonstrated the importance of both stable trait and dynamic psychopathological influences in predicting external criteria over time.Conclusions. The results support a dimensional representation of PDs that assesses both stable traits and dynamic processes.

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