Relative resistance to extinction of escape training and avoidance training.

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D. Sheffield ◽  
Helena Wellisz Temmer
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

Effects of Shock and Safe Box Similarity on Escape Training and Extinction

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
James S. Kash ◽  
Joseph J. Franchina
Keyword(s):  
Escape Training ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

40 rats received escape training and extinction with shock and safe areas either similar or dissimilar to each other. No effects of similarity were demonstrated in acquisition. Resistance to extinction was impaired when either training or extinction occurred with shock and safe areas similar to each other relative to a dissimilar control condition.

Effects of Duration and Delay of Shock on Self-Punitive Behavior in the Rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Melvin ◽  
George I. Athey ◽  
Frederick H. Heasley
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Shock Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Shock Escape ◽  
Punitive Behavior ◽  
Intermediate Shock ◽  
Very High

Rats were given shock-escape training in a 4-ft. runway, then divided into 4 groups of 9 Ss each. During extinction, shock was present in the 4-ft. alley, the first 1-ft. segment, or the last 1-ft. segment for 3 groups, but was never present in the start box. A control group received no shock. In general, punished Ss ran faster and longer than non-shocked Ss. The more immediate the punishment, the more vigorous and sustained was the punished act. The immediate 1-ft. shock led to very high resistance to extinction, indicating that an intermediate shock duration may yield optimal facilitation.

Instruction-Based Approach-Avoidance Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Anne Gast ◽  
Colin Tucker Smith
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Evaluative Priming ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Prior research suggests that repeatedly approaching or avoiding a certain stimulus changes the liking of this stimulus. We investigated whether these effects of approach and avoidance training occur also when participants do not perform these actions but are merely instructed about the stimulus-action contingencies. Stimulus evaluations were registered using both implicit (Implicit Association Test and evaluative priming) and explicit measures (valence ratings). Instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were observed for relatively neutral fictitious social groups (i.e., Niffites and Luupites), but not for clearly valenced well-known social groups (i.e., Blacks and Whites). We conclude that instructions to approach or avoid stimuli can provide sufficient bases for establishing both implicit and explicit evaluations of novel stimuli and discuss several possible reasons for why similar instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were not found for valenced well-known stimuli.

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