scholarly journals Single trial neuronal activity dynamics of attentional intensity in monkey visual area V4

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Ghosh ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Area ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Visual Neurons ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Attentional Selectivity

AbstractUnderstanding how activity of visual neurons represents distinct components of attention and their dynamics that account for improved visual performance remains elusive because single-unit experiments have not isolated the intensive aspect of attention from attentional selectivity. We isolated attentional intensity and its single trial dynamics as determined by spatially non-selective attentional performance in an orientation discrimination task while recording from neurons in monkey visual area V4. We found that attentional intensity is a distinct cognitive signal that can be distinguished from spatial selectivity, reward expectations and motor actions. V4 spiking on single trials encodes a combination of sensory and cognitive signals on different time scales. Attentional intensity and the detection of behaviorally relevant sensory signals are well represented, but immediate reward expectation and behavioral choices are poorly represented in V4 spiking. These results provide a detailed representation of perceptual and cognitive signals in V4 that are crucial for attentional performance.

scholarly journals Visual area V4 encodes history dependent attentional effort and single-trial perceptual detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Ghosh ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Reward Expectancy ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
Neuronal Spikes

ABSTRACTIntense attentional effort improves performance. Neurons in visual area V4 exhibit changes in spike rates that are correlated with effort, selective attention and absolute reward expectation. How neuronal spikes in V4 encode attentional states and perceptual performance with reference to other task relevant motivational and decision signals is poorly understood. We recorded neuronal spikes from monkey visual area V4, and isolated attentional effort from reward expectancy and motor decisions in a visual orientation detection task using a statistical approach based on generalized linear models. We found that V4 spike responses exhibit hysteresis with reward changes. Single trial spiking activity encodes a combination of temporally overlapping sensory and cognitive signals. Neuronal spikes integrate contextual history of attentional effort on a longer time scale, and task related perceptual detection in a shorter timescale within a single trial. Notably, immediate reward expectation and behavioral choice probability are poor predictors of V4 spikes throughout the trial. Further, detection of task relevant perceptual signal is decoded from single trial population spikes with high accuracy. These results provide a detailed representation of perceptual and cognitive signals in V4 that are crucial for performance.

scholarly journals Contour Curvature As an Invariant Code for Objects in Visual Area V4

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (20) ◽  
pp. 5532-5543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. El-Shamayleh ◽  
A. Pasupathy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Area ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
Contour Curvature

scholarly journals Reward-Related Suppression of Neural Activity in Macaque Visual Area V4

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4871-4881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A Shapcott ◽  
Joscha T Schmiedt ◽  
Kleopatra Kouroupaki ◽  
Ricardo Kienitz ◽  
Andreea Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Differential Reward ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In order for organisms to survive, they need to detect rewarding stimuli, for example, food or a mate, in a complex environment with many competing stimuli. These rewarding stimuli should be detected even if they are nonsalient or irrelevant to the current goal. The value-driven theory of attentional selection proposes that this detection takes place through reward-associated stimuli automatically engaging attentional mechanisms. But how this is achieved in the brain is not very well understood. Here, we investigate the effect of differential reward on the multiunit activity in visual area V4 of monkeys performing a perceptual judgment task. Surprisingly, instead of finding reward-related increases in neural responses to the perceptual target, we observed a large suppression at the onset of the reward indicating cues. Therefore, while previous research showed that reward increases neural activity, here we report a decrease. More suppression was caused by cues associated with higher reward than with lower reward, although neither cue was informative about the perceptually correct choice. This finding of reward-associated neural suppression further highlights normalization as a general cortical mechanism and is consistent with predictions of the value-driven attention theory.

scholarly journals Activity in visual area V4 correlates with surface perception

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Bouvier ◽  
Kristen S. Cardinal ◽  
Stephen A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Area ◽  
Surface Perception ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Visual Area V4

scholarly journals Differential Attention-Dependent Response Modulation across Cell Classes in Macaque Visual Area V4

Neuron ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude F. Mitchell ◽  
Kristy A. Sundberg ◽  
John H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Visual Area ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Differential Attention ◽  
Visual Area V4

Cue-dependent deficits in grating orientation discrimination after V4 lesions in macaques

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Weerd ◽  
Robert Desimone ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Illusory Contour ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Fixation Target ◽  
Illusory Contours ◽  
Pattern Vision ◽  
Area V4

AbstractTo examine the role of visual area V4 in pattern vision, we tested two monkeys with lesions of V4 on tasks that required them to discriminate the orientation of contours defined by several different cues. The cues used to separate the contours from their background included luminance, color, motion, and texture, as well as phase-shifted abutting gratings that created an “illusory” contour. The monkeys were trained to maintain fixation on a fixation target while discriminating extrafoveal stimuli, which were located in either a normal control quadrant of the visual field or in a quadrant affected by a lesion of area V4 in one hemisphere. Comparing performance in the two quadrants, we found significant deficits for contours defined by texture and for the illusory contour, but smaller or no deficits for motion-, color-, and luminance-defined contours. The data suggest a specific role of V4 in the perception of illusory contours and contours defined by texture.

scholarly journals Stimulus Dependence of Disparity Coding in Primate Visual Area V4

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Hegdé ◽  
David C. Van Essen
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Depth Cues ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Disparity tuning in visual cortex has been shown using a variety of stimulus types that contain stereoscopic depth cues. It is not known whether different stimuli yield similar disparity tuning curves. We studied whether cells in visual area V4 of the macaque show similar disparity tuning profiles when the same set of disparity values were tested using bars or dynamic random dot stereograms, which are among the most commonly used stimuli for this purpose. In a majority of V4 cells (61%), the shape of the disparity tuning profile differed significantly for the two stimulus types. The two sets of stimuli yielded statistically indistinguishable disparity tuning profiles for only a small minority (6%) of V4 cells. These results indicate that disparity tuning in V4 is stimulus-dependent. Given the fact that bar stimuli contain two-dimensional (2-D) shape cues, and the random dot stereograms do not, our results also indicate that V4 cells represent 2-D shape and binocular disparity in an interdependent fashion, revealing an unexpected complexity in the analysis of depth and three-dimensional shape.

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