Analysis of the Wind Generation Impact on Inertial and Primary Frequency Response of the Croatian Electric Power System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Baškarad ◽  
I. Kuzle ◽  
J. Đaković ◽  
P. Ilak
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Response

scholarly journals Impact of the Generation System Parameters on the Frequency Response of the Power System: A UK Grid Case Study

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Jovi Atkinson ◽  
Ibrahim M. Albayati
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Generation System ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Inertia

The operation and the development of power system networks introduce new types of stability problems. The effect of the power generation and consumption on the frequency of the power system can be described as a demand/generation imbalance resulting from a sudden increase/decrease in the demand and/or generation. This paper investigates the impact of a loss of generation on the transient behaviour of the power grid frequency. A simplified power system model is proposed to examine the impact of change of the main generation system parameters (system inertia, governor droop setting, load damping constant, and the high-pressure steam turbine power fraction), on the primary frequency response in responding to the disturbance of a 1.32 GW generation loss on the UK power grid. Various rates of primary frequency responses are simulated via adjusting system parameters of the synchronous generators to enable the controlled generators providing a fast-reliable primary frequency response within 10 s after a loss of generation. It is concluded that a generation system inertia and a governor droop setting are the most dominant parameters that effect the system frequency response after a loss of generation. Therefore, for different levels of generation loss, the recovery rate will be dependent on the changes of the governor droop setting values. The proposed model offers a fundamental basis for a further investigation to be carried on how a power system will react during a secondary frequency response.

scholarly journals Adaptive Control of HVDC Links for Frequency Stability Enhancement in Low-Inertia Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6162
Author(s):  
Jelena Stojković ◽  
Aleksandra Lekić ◽  
Predrag Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Test System ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Stability Enhancement

Decarbonization of power systems has put Renewable Energy Sources (RES) at the forefront when it comes to electric power generation. The increasing shares of converter-connected renewable generation cause a decrease of the rotational inertia of the Electric Power System (EPS), and consequently deteriorate the system capability to withstand large load-generation imbalances. Low-inertia systems are subjected to fast and large frequency changes in case of in-feed loss, where the traditional primary frequency control is not sufficient to preserve the frequency stability and to maintain the frequency above the critical value. One possible solution to this rising problem is seen in Fast Frequency Response (FFR) provided by the High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC)-based systems. This paper presents the adaptive FFR control of HVDC-based systems for frequency stability enhancement in the low-inertia system. The EPS is considered as a “black box” and the HVDC response is determined only using the locally measured frequency change. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) was developed and demonstrated to provide faster and more appropriate frequency response compared to the PI controller. The described adaptive HVDC control considers the size of disturbance and the inertia of the power system, and it is verified by simulations on the IEEE 39 bus test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink for different system configurations and different sizes of disturbance.

scholarly journals Control Strategy of BESS for Providing Both Virtual Inertia and Primary Frequency Response in the Korean Power System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choi ◽  
Kook ◽  
Yu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Response ◽  
Inertia Response

As the battery energy storage system (BESS) has been considered to be a solution to the diminished performance of frequency response in the Korean power system, in which renewable energy resources (RESs) are expected to increase rapidly, this paper proposes a control strategy for providing both the virtual inertia and primary frequency response considering the MW-scale BESS installed by the Korea Electricity Power Corporation (KEPCO). The benefit of such a fast and flexible BESS can be maximized by the proposed control strategy for making it provide both the inertia and primary frequency response, which would be deficit with the increased RES. In the proposed control strategy, the state of charge (SOC) is maintained in the specific range in which the life cycle is maximized, the interference of SOC recovery by frequency control is minimized, the responding capacity for providing the virtual inertia response is maximized during the transient period, and the performance requirements for frequency response are satisfied. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by both Korean power system model-based simulation and on-site operations.

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