Influence of salinity on the life-history traits of the West African black-chinned tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron): Comparison between the Gambia and Saloum estuaries

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Panfili ◽  
Abdou Mbow ◽  
Jean-Dominique Durand ◽  
Khady Diop ◽  
Khady Diouf ◽  
...  
2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khady Diouf ◽  
Jacques Panfili ◽  
Maylis Labonne ◽  
Catherine Aliaume ◽  
Javier Tomás ◽  
...  

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Taline D. Kazandjian ◽  
Arif Arrahman ◽  
Kristina B. M. Still ◽  
Govert W. Somsen ◽  
Freek J. Vonk ◽  
...  

Bites from elapid snakes typically result in neurotoxic symptoms in snakebite victims. Neurotoxins are, therefore, often the focus of research relating to understanding the pathogenesis of elapid bites. However, recent evidence suggests that some elapid snake venoms contain anticoagulant toxins which may help neurotoxic components spread more rapidly. This study examines the effects of venom from the West African black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) on blood coagulation and identifies potential coagulopathic toxins. An integrated RPLC-MS methodology, coupled with nanofractionation, was first used to separate venom components, followed by MS, proteomics and coagulopathic bioassays. Coagulation assays were performed on both crude and nanofractionated N. nigricollis venom toxins as well as PLA2s and 3FTx purified from the venom. Assays were then repeated with the addition of either the phospholipase A2 inhibitor varespladib or the snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat to assess whether either toxin inhibitor is capable of neutralizing coagulopathic venom activity. Subsequent proteomic analysis was performed on nanofractionated bioactive venom toxins using tryptic digestion followed by nanoLC-MS/MS measurements, which were then identified using Swiss-Prot and species-specific database searches. Varespladib, but not marimastat, was found to significantly reduce the anticoagulant activity of N. nigricollis venom and MS and proteomics analyses confirmed that the anticoagulant venom components mostly consisted of PLA2 proteins. We, therefore, conclude that PLA2s are the most likely candidates responsible for anticoagulant effects stimulated by N. nigricollis venom.


1897 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
J. R. Hart

A few statistics relating to this subject recently came into my hands, and although the results obtained from them cannot be considered to be of great weight, a short communication may be of interest. In the hope that useful information might be forthcoming, I made enquiry as to whether any record is kept of the dates of departure, death, or retirement of persons who go out in the employment of African merchants to the West Coast; and ascertained that it was unlikely that data could be supplied from that source. But I thought it worth while to make similar enquiry at the Colonial Office; and although the West African department could not officially furnish me with information, as they had none here of which they could vouch for the accuracy, I obtained, through the courtesy of one of the officials, the particulars given below. These were contained in a list of all the Europeans employed by the Governments of the four West African Colonies—the Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, and Lagos—during the ten years, 1 January 1881 to 31 December 1890, showing when their service began, and, if ended before 31 December 1890, when and why it ended.


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