Intrakoronare Bildgebung – wie die Plaque-Morphologie die Therapie personalisiert

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (23) ◽  
pp. 1547-1551
Author(s):  
Claudio Seppelt ◽  
Youssef S. Abdelwahed ◽  
Denitsa Meteva ◽  
David M. Leistner

Was ist neu? Management akutes Koronarsyndrom Im Rahmen der akuten Versorgung eines akuten Koronarsyndroms (ACS) gewinnt die intrakoronare Bildgebung (IKB) immer mehr an Bedeutung, da sie das weitere Prozedere maßgeblich beeinflussen kann. Sie erlaubt nicht nur die genauere Abgrenzung zwischen einem Typ-I- und Typ-II-Myokardinfarkt, sondern auch die Determinierung der das ACS auslösenden Pathophysiologie und – darauf aufbauend – auch des therapeutischen Prozederes. So kann die zweithäufigste ACS-Ursache, die Plaque-Erosion, mittlerweile nur pharmakologisch, ohne Koronarintervention, behandelt werden. Verbesserung des perkutanen koronaren Interventionsergebnisses Mit dem Ziel einer optimalen Stentexpansion und -apposition ist der durch die IKB gewonnene Einblick in die Plaque-Morphologie von besonderem Vorteil. Hierbei erlaubt die IKB eine genauere Darstellung von das PCI-Ergebnis beeinflussenden Plaquecharakteristika, speziell der koronaren Kalzifizierung. Mithilfe der IKB kann nicht nur die optimale Methode der Läsionspräparation gewählt werden, sondern auch die Stenttherapie optimiert werden, um so periprozedurale Risiken zu reduzieren. Risikostratifizierung bei koronarer Herzkrankheit Durch genauere In-vivo-Darstellung von Koronarplaques ermöglicht die IKB, Plaques zu identifizieren, welche ein besonders hohes Risiko haben, ein akutes Koronarsyndrom auszulösen, und erlaubt somit eine optimierte Risikostratifizierung und darauf ausgerichtete Therapien mit der Zielsetzung, die koronare Plaquestabilität zu verbessern.

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Terada ◽  
T Kubo ◽  
Y Matsuo ◽  
Y Ino ◽  
H Kitabata ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives This study sought to investigate the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) to differentiate among plaque rupture (PR), plaque erosion (PE), and calcified nodule (CN) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) diagnosis as a reference standard. Background In vivo, precise differentiation among PR, PE and CN is a major challenge for intravascular imaging. Methods The study enrolled 156 AMI patients who had a de novo culprit lesion in a native coronary artery. The culprit lesions were assessed by both NIRS-IVUS and OCT. Results OCT identified 112 PR, 29 PE, and 15 CN. IVUS-detected plaque ulceration showed a high specificity (100%) to identify OCT-PR although the sensitivity (62%) was intermediate. IVUS-detected convex calcium showed a high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (100%) to identify OCT-CN. In NIRS, the maximum lipid core burden index in 4 mm (maxLCBI4mm) was greatest in OCT-PR (values are median [interquartile range]) (671 [530 to 853]), followed by OCT-CN (355 [303 to 432]) and OCT-PE (283 [89 to 357]) (p<0.001). MaxLCBI4mm of <422 was the best cut-off to discriminate OCT-PE from OCT-PR and OCT-CN. The NIRS-IVUS classification algorithm using plaque ulceration, convex calcium, and maxLCBI4mm <422 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 95% for identifying OCT-PR, 93% and 95% for OCT-PE, and 93% and 100% for OCT-CN, respectively. NIRS-IVUS classification algorism Conclusion Lipid component assessed by NIRS-IVUS was different among OCT-PR, OCT-PE and OCT-CN. The NIRS-IVUS classification algorism was highly sensitive and specific for differentiating these unstable lesion types in AMI. Acknowledgement/Funding None


Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.


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