Will the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Caprine Stifle Joint Develop Degenerative Joint Disease?

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
L. A. Thomson ◽  
J. E. F. Houlton ◽  
N. Rushton ◽  
M.J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Meniscal Damage

SummaryUnilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) resection was performed in six goats. Controls for this procedure included the contralateral (non-operated) joints and six normal joints. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement throughout the study, whereas all other joints were stable.None of the joints showed gross evidence of degenerative joint disease at necropsy 52 weeks after the operation. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between either the frequency or severity of radiographic abnormalities in the two groups of joints.Despite long-term joint instability, degenerative joint disease did not develop in the CCL-deficient caprine stifle joint. When the goat is used as a model for anterior cruciate ligament-deficiency in man, the significance of any results should be assessed in the light of these findings.The long-term effects of experi-mentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency were studied in goats. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement, both immediately after surgery and at the end of the 52 week study. However, there was no evidence of cartilage or meniscal damage at postmortem examination, and stifle radiographs did not reveal evidence of degenerative joint disease.

Association of mineralisations in the stifle joint of domestic cats with degenerative joint disease and cranial cruciate ligament pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Voss ◽  
Philemon Karli ◽  
Pierre M Montavon ◽  
Hans Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Periarticular Tissue

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, size, location and appearance of mineralisations in feline stifle joints, and to evaluate their relationship with osteoarthritis and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) status. Methods Presence or absence, and size of mineralisations were determined from lateral stifle radiographs of 25 cats with CrCL rupture, and 44 cat cadavers without CrCL rupture. Mineralisations were classified as small, medium or large. Prevalence was compared between the clinically affected cats and the cadavers; the cadaver group was subdivided into an age-matched and an older group. Ten stifles with varying sizes of mineralisations were prepared as whole-knee specimens for histopathology. Location and appearance of the mineralisations, and degenerative changes in the cruciate ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and joint capsule are described. Results Prevalence of articular mineralisations was 0.76 in stifles of cats with CrCL rupture (mean ± SD age 8.6 ± 4.5 years), 0.64 in stifles of age-matched cat cadavers and 0.74 in older cat cadavers (mean ± SD age 17.0 ± 2.4 years). Cats with CrCL rupture had a higher percentage of medium and large mineralisations than cats without CrCL rupture. Microscopically, small mineralisations were calcifications usually located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Larger mineralisations were found to be ossifications, commonly located in the joint capsule and fat pad. Cats with larger mineralisations showed more signs of osteoarthritis, including degenerative changes in the CrCL. Conclusions and relevance Mineralisations in feline stifle joints were found to differ in size, appearance and location. Small mineralisations were usually confined to the medial meniscus, as described previously; larger mineralisations tended to be located in the tissues cranial to the menisci and seemed to be associated with osteoarthritis and CrCL pathology. Large mineralisations in feline stifles are ossifications in periarticular tissue and are associated with degenerative joint disease.

Measurement of the tibial plateau angle in cats with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reese ◽  
K. Lorinson ◽  
D. Lorinson ◽  
E. Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to determine the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in cats without stifle pathology and to compare it with cats suffering from an isolated cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle were taken and the tibial plateau angle was measured based on the method previously described by Slocum and Devine (1983) for dogs. Three observers with different levels of experience evaluated the radiographs of all of the cats in this study. The mean tibial plateau angle measured by all three observers in the cats with a rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) was 3.1° greater than in cats without stifle pathology. Neither gender, age, body weight nor degenerative joint disease had an influence on measurement results. The authors found an inter-observer variability of ± 5.3°. Hence it can be concluded that cats with cranial cruciate ligament rupture have a greater TPA, and this at least lends some credence to the possibility of higher TPA being a predis-posing factor for cruciate injury in this species.

Neurogenic origin of articular hyperemia in early degenerative joint disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. R745-R752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. McDougall ◽  
William R. Ferrell ◽  
Robert C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Joint Instability ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Neurogenic Origin ◽  
Vasomotor Activity ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Acl Transection

It has been speculated that joint instability resulting from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture could be exacerbated by changes in vasomotor activity in the remaining supporting structures. In this study, the effect of ACL transection on medial collateral ligament (MCL) basal perfusion and its responsiveness to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and sympathetic adrenergic influences was examined. Using urethan-anesthetized rabbits, we tested the effects of CGRP and its antagonist CGRP-(8—37) by topical application of these agents to the exposed knee while sympathetic influences were tested by electrically stimulating the saphenous nerve. It was found that MCL basal perfusion was elevated in ACL-sectioned joints; however, this effect was abrogated by prior resection of the articular nerve supply. At the doses tested, the normal vasodilator response to CGRP was abolished in ACL-sectioned joints, whereas the response to CGRP-(8—37) was attenuated. Even under the influence of increased constrictor tone, MCL and capsule blood vessels still showed substantially reduced responses to exogenous CGRP administration. By contrast, nerve-mediated constrictor responses were mostly unaffected by joint instability. This study suggests that posttraumatic knee joint hyperemia is neurogenically mediated, possibly by increased secretion of CGRP.

Tibial tuberosity advancement in 65 canine stifles

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Miller ◽  
C. P. Ober ◽  
O. I. Lanz ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
P. K. Shires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Owner Satisfaction

SummaryThe tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) procedure was developed to treat dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifles. A retrospective, descriptive study was performed on 57 dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral TTA. Medical records were reviewed and pre-, postoperative and follow-up radiographs were evaluated for patellar ligament-tibial plateau angle (α), distance of the tibial tuberosity advancement and progression of degenerative joint disease. A questionnaire was sent to all owners to obtain their assessment of the procedural outcome. Sixty-five stifles in 57 dogs received a TTA. Mean age was 5.2 ± 2.5 years while mean weight was 39.7 ± 11.9 kg. Eighteen breeds were represented with Labrador retrievers and mixed breeds predominating. The mean duration of lameness prior to surgery was 6.2 ± 6.7 months, with a median lameness score of 3/4. Fifty-nine percent of cases encountered complications, the majority of which were minor. Major post-operative complications were uncommon but consisted of implant failure, tibial crest displacement and medial meniscal tears. The mean radiographic preoperative angle α was 100°, while the postoperative was 95.5°. Mean osteoarthrosis scores were significantly different between preoperative and follow-up radiographs with 67% of cases showing radiographic progression. Seventy percent of owners responded to the survey with overall outcome considered good to excellent in 90%. Activity level was improved in 90% of responses. TTA subjectively appears to be a useful alternative in the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease. Few severe complications were encountered. Good clinical outcome and owner satisfaction was reported with the procedure in this set of cases.

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