Neurogenic origin of articular hyperemia in early degenerative joint disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. R745-R752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. McDougall ◽  
William R. Ferrell ◽  
Robert C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Joint Instability ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Neurogenic Origin ◽  
Vasomotor Activity ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Acl Transection

It has been speculated that joint instability resulting from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture could be exacerbated by changes in vasomotor activity in the remaining supporting structures. In this study, the effect of ACL transection on medial collateral ligament (MCL) basal perfusion and its responsiveness to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and sympathetic adrenergic influences was examined. Using urethan-anesthetized rabbits, we tested the effects of CGRP and its antagonist CGRP-(8—37) by topical application of these agents to the exposed knee while sympathetic influences were tested by electrically stimulating the saphenous nerve. It was found that MCL basal perfusion was elevated in ACL-sectioned joints; however, this effect was abrogated by prior resection of the articular nerve supply. At the doses tested, the normal vasodilator response to CGRP was abolished in ACL-sectioned joints, whereas the response to CGRP-(8—37) was attenuated. Even under the influence of increased constrictor tone, MCL and capsule blood vessels still showed substantially reduced responses to exogenous CGRP administration. By contrast, nerve-mediated constrictor responses were mostly unaffected by joint instability. This study suggests that posttraumatic knee joint hyperemia is neurogenically mediated, possibly by increased secretion of CGRP.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplements of Shiikuwasha Extract Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression in Meniscal/ligamentous Injury and Obese Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Yen ◽  
Ying-Jiun Lai ◽  
Zwe-Ling Kong
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Osteoarthritis (OA), also called degenerative joint disease, is characterized by joint cartilage loss and is strongly linked to obesity. Medicine to alleviate pain is currently the only treatment. Shiikuwasha extract (SE) has been reported to possess valuable bioactive substances exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anticancer effects. Research is limited to the use of SE in the treatment of OA and obesity. We performed both anterior cruciate ligament transections and medial meniscectomies to induce OA on Sprague–Dawley rats after 11 weeks of a high fat diet followed by 9 weeks of oral SE administration (300, 600, and 1500 mg/kg). This study showed that SE treatment could reduce weight gain and joint pain. Additionally, SE significantly decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol in plasma of the S1500 group but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the plasma of the S600 group. Meanwhile, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was significantly reduced in the S1500 groups. Histopathological findings confirmed administration of SE attenuated cartilage degeneration. Immunohistochemistry examination demonstrated that caspase 3 and phospho-Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2) expression levels on chondrocytes were downregulated by SE treatment. Our findings demonstrate that SE can alleviate OA progression by improving obesity.

Will the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Caprine Stifle Joint Develop Degenerative Joint Disease?

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
L. A. Thomson ◽  
J. E. F. Houlton ◽  
N. Rushton ◽  
M.J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Meniscal Damage

SummaryUnilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) resection was performed in six goats. Controls for this procedure included the contralateral (non-operated) joints and six normal joints. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement throughout the study, whereas all other joints were stable.None of the joints showed gross evidence of degenerative joint disease at necropsy 52 weeks after the operation. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between either the frequency or severity of radiographic abnormalities in the two groups of joints.Despite long-term joint instability, degenerative joint disease did not develop in the CCL-deficient caprine stifle joint. When the goat is used as a model for anterior cruciate ligament-deficiency in man, the significance of any results should be assessed in the light of these findings.The long-term effects of experi-mentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency were studied in goats. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement, both immediately after surgery and at the end of the 52 week study. However, there was no evidence of cartilage or meniscal damage at postmortem examination, and stifle radiographs did not reveal evidence of degenerative joint disease.

Measurement of the tibial plateau angle in cats with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reese ◽  
K. Lorinson ◽  
D. Lorinson ◽  
E. Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to determine the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in cats without stifle pathology and to compare it with cats suffering from an isolated cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle were taken and the tibial plateau angle was measured based on the method previously described by Slocum and Devine (1983) for dogs. Three observers with different levels of experience evaluated the radiographs of all of the cats in this study. The mean tibial plateau angle measured by all three observers in the cats with a rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) was 3.1° greater than in cats without stifle pathology. Neither gender, age, body weight nor degenerative joint disease had an influence on measurement results. The authors found an inter-observer variability of ± 5.3°. Hence it can be concluded that cats with cranial cruciate ligament rupture have a greater TPA, and this at least lends some credence to the possibility of higher TPA being a predis-posing factor for cruciate injury in this species.

scholarly journals Blocking of checkpoint receptor PD-L1 aggravates osteoarthritis in macrophage-dependent manner in the mice model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841882076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghou Liu ◽  
Jiqiang Mi ◽  
Wenguang Liu ◽  
Shipeng Xiao ◽  
Chunzheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Factor Α

As a chronic degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis is among the most common diseases all over the world. In osteoarthritis, inflammation plays an important role in the generation of joint symptoms and the development of disease. When the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is blocked, the antitumor immunity will be enhanced. We aim to illustrate the function of PD-L1 in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis in mice was induced by the injection of collagenase or anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Anti-PD-L1 was employed to block the signal of PD-L1. Knee joints histological sections were stained by Safranin-O. The level of cytokine was checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mRNA level was shown by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The blockade of PD-L1 signal up-regulated inflammatory response and promoted the development of osteoarthritis in mice. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression were promoted by PD-L1 blocking in macrophages. Osteoarthritis was aggravated when the expression of inflammatory cytokine is elevated in macrophages. Our results indicated that the blockade of PD-L1 signal in macrophages elevates the expression of inflammatory cytokine and promotes the development of osteoarthritis in mice, which could be utilized as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis patients.

scholarly journals Detection of early osteoarthritis in canine knee joints 3 weeks post ACL transection by microscopic MRI and biomechanical measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949901877835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mittelstaedt ◽  
David Kahn ◽  
Yang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Early Osteoarthritis ◽  
Biomechanical Stress ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Transverse Resolution ◽  
Acl Transection

Purpose: To detect early osteoarthritis (OA) in a canine Pond–Nuki model 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection surgery, both topographically over the medial tibial surface and depth-dependently over the cartilage thickness. Methods: Four topographical locations on each OA and contralateral medial tibia were imaged individually by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 17.6 µm transverse resolution. The quantitative MRI T2 relaxation data were correlated with the biomechanical stress-relaxation measurements from adjacent locations. Results: OA cartilage was thinner than the contralateral tissue and had a lower modulus compared to the contralateral cartilage for the exterior, interior, and central medial tibia locations. Depth-dependent and topographical variations were detected in OA cartilage by a number of parameters (compressive modulus, glycosaminoglycan concentration, bulk and zonal thicknesses, T2 at 0° and 55° specimen orientations in the magnet). T2 demonstrated significant differences at varying depths between OA and contralateral cartilage. Conclusion: ACL transection caused a number of changes in the tibial cartilage at 3 weeks after the surgery. The characteristics of these changes, which are topographic and depth-dependent, likely reflect the complex degradation in this canine model of OA at the early developmental stage.

Coefficient of Start-Up Friction of Early Stage Osteoarthritic Cartilage Is Not Larger Than Normal Cartilage

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Fujie ◽  
Yoji Suzuki ◽  
Michi Ota ◽  
Kiyoshi Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Osteoarthritic Cartilage ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Acl Transection

It is well known that the disease of osteoarthritis (OA) deteriorates the lubrication properties of articular cartilage. Previous studies [1,2] have demonstrated that the coefficient of friction of rabbit knee cartilage increases significantly in OA models. The coefficient of start-up (static) friction in the normal canine knee joint has also been observed to increase with the duration of static loading [3], and further increases in the start-up friction of osteoarthritic cartilage were induced by surface abrasion and papain injection [4]. However, the change in the start-up friction due to OA disease induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection (ACL transection model), has not been fully determined in previous studies, although such a model is considered to display symptoms similar to the clinical situation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of osteoarthritic deterioration on the start-up friction in the ACL transection OA model in the present study.

Association of mineralisations in the stifle joint of domestic cats with degenerative joint disease and cranial cruciate ligament pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Voss ◽  
Philemon Karli ◽  
Pierre M Montavon ◽  
Hans Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Periarticular Tissue

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, size, location and appearance of mineralisations in feline stifle joints, and to evaluate their relationship with osteoarthritis and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) status. Methods Presence or absence, and size of mineralisations were determined from lateral stifle radiographs of 25 cats with CrCL rupture, and 44 cat cadavers without CrCL rupture. Mineralisations were classified as small, medium or large. Prevalence was compared between the clinically affected cats and the cadavers; the cadaver group was subdivided into an age-matched and an older group. Ten stifles with varying sizes of mineralisations were prepared as whole-knee specimens for histopathology. Location and appearance of the mineralisations, and degenerative changes in the cruciate ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and joint capsule are described. Results Prevalence of articular mineralisations was 0.76 in stifles of cats with CrCL rupture (mean ± SD age 8.6 ± 4.5 years), 0.64 in stifles of age-matched cat cadavers and 0.74 in older cat cadavers (mean ± SD age 17.0 ± 2.4 years). Cats with CrCL rupture had a higher percentage of medium and large mineralisations than cats without CrCL rupture. Microscopically, small mineralisations were calcifications usually located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Larger mineralisations were found to be ossifications, commonly located in the joint capsule and fat pad. Cats with larger mineralisations showed more signs of osteoarthritis, including degenerative changes in the CrCL. Conclusions and relevance Mineralisations in feline stifle joints were found to differ in size, appearance and location. Small mineralisations were usually confined to the medial meniscus, as described previously; larger mineralisations tended to be located in the tissues cranial to the menisci and seemed to be associated with osteoarthritis and CrCL pathology. Large mineralisations in feline stifles are ossifications in periarticular tissue and are associated with degenerative joint disease.

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