Toskanes were developed as an alternative scour countermeasure where riprap is not feasible or available in large sizes. The Toskane design procedure is based on results of a hydraulic model study of several different piers and abutments. Toskanes can be fabricated in sizes to meet the design requirements. One example of installing Toskanes at a bridge with a pier and vertical abutments is presented. Criteria are provided to size the Toskane. Techniques for installation are suggested and costs for the project are estimated.
