A variety of charge-exchange reactions involving complex particles has been used to study the response of a nucleus to a spin–isospin probe. The reactions have been the (3He, t) reaction, the (d, 2He) reaction, and reactions with the heavy ions 12C, 14N, 16O, and 20Ne as beam and charge exchange both ways. With all reactions, transitions are observed to the low-lying giant-resonance region, the quasi-elastic region, and the Δ region. With the (d, 2He) reaction, the spin structure of the response is studied.
Pion-induced double-charge exchange reactions in the Δ resonance region