Individual Differences in Visual Search: Relationship to Autistic Traits, Discrimination Thresholds, and Speed of Processing

AbstractPeople differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world). In this study (N = 588; n = 60 with a formal autism diagnosis), whether or not autistic people and those with high autistic traits have a relatively low general belief in a just world is examined. The results revealed the expected relationship between autism/higher autistic traits and a lower general belief in a just world. In a subsample (n = 388), personal belief in a just world, external locus of control, and self-deception mediated this relationship. These findings are discussed in terms of autistic strengths (less biased information processing) and problems (lowered well-being).

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Stable individual differences in strategies within, but not between, visual search tasks

10.31234/osf.io/bqa5v ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alasdair D F Clarke ◽

Jessica Irons ◽

Warren James ◽

Andrew B. Leber ◽

Amelia R. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Visual Search ◽

Search Task ◽

The Other ◽

Search Performance ◽

Search Tasks ◽

And Performance ◽

Context Specific ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Over Time

A striking range of individual differences has recently been reported in three different visual search tasks. These differences in performance can be attributed to strategy, that is, the efficiency with which participants control their search to complete the task quickly and accurately. Here we ask if an individual's strategy and performance in one search task is correlated with how they perform in the other two. We tested 64 observers in the three tasks mentioned above over two sessions. Even though the test-retest reliability of the tasks is high, an observer's performance and strategy in one task did not reliably predict their behaviour in the other two. These results suggest search strategies are stable over time, but context-specific. To understand visual search we therefore need to account not only for differences between individuals, but also how individuals interact with the search task and context. These context-specific but stable individual differences in strategy can account for a substantial proportion of variability in search performance.

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Speed of processing and individual differences in IQ in schizophrenia: General or specific cognitive deficits?

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry ◽

10.1080/13546800344000228 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 233-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Johanna C. Badcock ◽

Rachael J. Williams ◽

Mike Anderson ◽

Assen Jablensky

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Speed Of Processing

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Analysis of Visual Search Patterns of Dance Teachers

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.6.2.149 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elizabeth Petrakis

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Visual Search ◽

Novice Teachers ◽

Live Performance ◽

Corneal Reflection ◽

Chi Square ◽

Ocular Fixation ◽

Dance Teachers ◽

Eye Fixations ◽

Search Patterns

This investigation analyzed the visual search patterns of novice and expert dance teachers when viewing a live performance of a dance composition. The hypotheses tested were that (a) experts would not differ from novices in the number of eye fixations and duration of each, (b) the number of fixations and duration of each would differ between dances, and (c) expert teachers’ search patterns would differ from those of novice teachers. The subjects were four experts who averaged 25.5 years of teaching, and five novice teachers who averaged 2.4 years. To determine the ocular fixation and scanning patterns of subjects, the NAC Eye Movement Recorder, a corneal reflection technique, was used. The films were analyzed using a computer program designed to collect the data. Two 2 × 2 (expertise and dances) analyses of variance were used to determine the differences in the number of fixations, duration of fixations, and differences of variable between dances. Chi-square was used to determine the location of scan patterns. Results indicated that the level of expertise did not influence the number or duration of each eye fixation, but the task being observed did influence these variables. Individual differences in visual scanning patterns were found among and within both groups.

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Stable individual differences in strategies within, but not between, visual search tasks

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/1747021820929190 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174702182092919 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alasdair DF Clarke ◽

Jessica L Irons ◽

Warren James ◽

Andrew B Leber ◽

Amelia R Hunt

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Visual Search ◽

Search Task ◽

The Other ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Search Tasks ◽

And Performance ◽

Context Specific ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Over Time

A striking range of individual differences has recently been reported in three different visual search tasks. These differences in performance can be attributed to strategy, that is, the efficiency with which participants control their search to complete the task quickly and accurately. Here, we ask whether an individual’s strategy and performance in one search task is correlated with how they perform in the other two. We tested 64 observers and found that even though the test–retest reliability of the tasks was high, an observer’s performance and strategy in one task was not predictive of their behaviour in the other two. These results suggest search strategies are stable over time, but context-specific. To understand visual search, we therefore need to account not only for differences between individuals but also how individuals interact with the search task and context.

Download Full-text