scholarly journals Identification of Calcium Release-triggering and Blocking Regions of the II-III Loop of the Skeletal Muscle Dihydropyridine Receptor

1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (38) ◽  
pp. 22116-22118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque El-Hayek ◽  
Bozena Antoniu ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Susan L. Hamilton ◽  
Noriaki Ikemoto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Dihydropyridine Receptor

scholarly journals Differential Contribution of Skeletal and Cardiac II-III Loop Sequences to the Assembly of Dihydropyridine-Receptor Arrays in Skeletal Muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 5408-5419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takekura ◽  
Cecilia Paolini ◽  
Clara Franzini-Armstrong ◽  
Gerlinde Kugler ◽  
Manfred Grabner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Dihydropyridine Receptor ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Loop Sequence ◽  
Subunit Isoforms ◽  
Differential Contribution

The plasmalemmal dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) is the voltage sensor in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling. It activates calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via protein–protein interactions with the ryanodine receptor (RyR). To enable this interaction, DHPRs are arranged in arrays of tetrads opposite RyRs. In the DHPR α1S subunit, the cytoplasmic loop connecting repeats II and III is a major determinant of skeletal-type e-c coupling. Whether the essential II-III loop sequence (L720-L764) also determines the skeletal-specific arrangement of DHPRs was examined in dysgenic (α1S-null) myotubes reconstituted with distinct α1 subunit isoforms and II-III loop chimeras. Parallel immunofluorescence and freeze-fracture analysis showed that α1S and chimeras containing L720-L764, all of which restored skeletal-type e-c coupling, displayed the skeletal arrangement of DHPRs in arrays of tetrads. Conversely, α1C and those chimeras with a cardiac II-III loop and cardiac e-c coupling properties were targeted into junctional membranes but failed to form tetrads. However, an α1S-based chimera with the heterologous Musca II-III loop produced tetrads but did not reconstitute skeletal muscle e-c coupling. These findings suggest an inhibitory role in tetrad formation of the cardiac II-III loop and that the organization of DHPRs in tetrads vis-à-vis the RyR is necessary but not sufficient for skeletal-type e-c coupling.

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