Industrial expansion and native policy in South Africa

Literary and political expressions of the liberal dream of freedom from the 1880s to the 1970s are analysed in the opening chapter. The liberal dream’s lineage in political discourse is analysed in Cecil John Rhodes’s dreams of unifying South Africa in the 1890s; Olive Schreiner’s political journalism from the 1880s to the 1910s; the ANC’s Bill of Rights of 1923; H. Selby Msimang’s pamphlet The Crisis (1936); R. F. A. Hoernlé’s lectures South African Native Policy and the Liberal Spirit (1939); the ANC’s African Claims in South Africa (1943); the ANC’s Freedom Charter (1955); and the Liberal Party’s Blueprint for South Africa (1958). In juxtaposition with these political texts, the following literary texts articulating the liberal dream of freedom are analysed: Olive Schreiner’s Dreams (1890); J. A. D. Smith’s The Great Southern Revolution (1893); Archibald Lamont’s South Africa in Mars (1923); George Heaton Nicholls’s Bayete! (1923); S. E. K. Mqhayi’s U-Don Jadu (1929); Arthur Keppel-Jones’s When Smuts Goes (1947); Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country (1948); Lewis Sowden’s Tomorrow’s Comet (1951); Garry Allighan’s Verwoerd —The End (1961); Anthony Delius’s The Day Natal Took Off (1963); Karel Schoeman’s The Promised Land (1972); and Jordan Ngubane’s Ushaba: The Hurtle to Blood River (1974).

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Organisation for Industrial Expansion in South Africa

Nature ◽

10.1038/100368b0 ◽

1918 ◽

Vol 100 (2515) ◽

pp. 368-369

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Industrial Expansion

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Native Policy in the Union of South Africa

Nature ◽

10.1038/141404a0 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 141 (3566) ◽

pp. 404-404

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Native Policy

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The Origins of African Political Consciousness in South Africa

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00018851 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 583-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. P. Walshe

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nineteenth Century ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Political Consciousness ◽

Christian Missions ◽

Native Policy ◽

The Impact

The origins of African political consciousness in Southern Africa can be traced back to the first half of the nineteenth century, to the impact of the Christian missions and to the development of a non-racial constitution in the Cape. As the century progressed, mission-educated Africans came to exercise a limited but real influence within Cape politics, and the Native policy of that Colony was seen to contrast favourably with those policies developing in the Boer Republics and Natal. By the turn of the century a new African élite had emerged, committed to non-racial ideals gleaned from Christianity and supported by the theory, and to some extent the practice, of Cape politics.

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African Marriage Regulation and the Remaking of Gendered Authority in Colonial Natal, 1843–1875

African Studies Review ◽

10.1017/asr.2014.48 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 73-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nafisa Essop Sheik

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nineteenth Century ◽

Social Change ◽

Traditional Authority ◽

Colonial Power ◽

Colonial Policy ◽

Colonial Authority ◽

Younger Men ◽

Political Intervention ◽

Native Policy

Abstract:This article examines the gendered relationships of authority that are at the heart of the processes of customary marriage in South Africa, as well as the ways in which colonial political intervention worked to effect social change in nineteenth-century colonial Natal. This analysis reinforces the established historiographical understanding that instigating generational shifts in authority was important to Natal Native Policy, unlike customary regulation elsewhere in colonial Africa in which colonial law worked to shore up the authority of senior men. However, it seeks to underline that while negotiations of colonial power began to shift authority from older to younger men by manipulating Native marriage, and in particular the practice of lobola, the effects of such policies produced profound shifts in the experience and articulation of gendered relationships of marriage and colonial authority. The imbrication of changes in gender and generational norms ultimately reveals the contradictions in both colonial claims of liberal gender reform and African claims that colonial policy provoked the usurpation of male traditional authority.

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