Ideological Polarization as a Deception Strategy in the Discourse of American Think Tanks: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Deception is an inseparable facet of political discourse in attaining strategic political gains though compromising public opinion. However, the employment of discursive deception strategies by the policy-making institutions of think tanks has not received due attention in the literature. The current study aims at exploring how the ideologizing deception strategies are utilized by the conservative American think tank of the Washington Institute to reproduce socio-political realities and re-shape public opinion. To fulfill this task, van Dijk’s (2000) notion of ideological polarization which shows positive self-representation and negative other representation is adopted to conduct a critical discourse analysis of four Arabic texts released with the main focus on four different political topics. Results reveal the centrality of employing deception strategies for the sake of realizing political wins for establishing an ideological hegemony while simultaneously polarizing an Us against Them extreme.

Transitivity Analysis of Joe Biden’s Inaugural Address From the Perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar

Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar provides a new perspective and method for political discourse analysis. This paper first introduces the research status of political discourse at home and abroad, and then elaborates three metafunctions of Systemic Functional Grammar, namely ideational function, interpersonal function as well as textual function. On this basis, this paper makes an in-depth transitivity analysis of the inaugural address of the 46th president of the United States, Joseph Robinette Biden. Through profound research, this paper attempts to reveal how English language is applied to hide ideology in political speeches and how president Joe Biden uses various language features to persuade and inspire American people in order to reach his political purpose; at the same time, it also verifies the practicability of Systemic Functional Grammar in the analysis of political speech discourse.

The Role of Certain Figures of Emphasis in the Televised Debate between Macron and Le Pen on may 3, 2017». Le rôle de certaines figures d’insistance utilisées dans le débat télévisé entre Macron et Le Pen le 3 mai 2017

Political Discourse Analysis is an important linguistic study approach used by politicians to gain people support. The present paper sheds light on the figures of speech of emphasis in the televised debate between the two presidential elections candidates, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen and the distinctive effect they add to the political discourse to win general public support as well as the presidential elections. The present paper provides a rudimentary definition and an analysis of the terms “discourse” and “political discourse” and traces the significant role played by politically directed televised Media and internet to support political parties through broadcasting political events. Through conducting an analytical study, the paper considers the discourse analysis concept that aims at deconstructing the speech modules to attain the required speech purpose. Part of the present study theoretical approach, the paper terms and clarifies all types of Figures of speech used by politicians to create a publically stronger luminous witty and emotional impact. As for the paper practical approach, it sheds light on the stressing effect of four types figure of emphasis in French and the impact created on the political discourse. Thus, it can be remarked that both candidates particularly Macron has made use of the figures of speech in his political discourse, specifically after winning the presidential elections. Pun or paronomasia, repetition and accumulation in comparison with redundancy are impressively used in Macron’s political discourse to win public support. Résumé L’analyse du discours politique a un écho large dans les études linguistiques. Les politiciens essayaient d’utiliser le langage pour attirer l’attention de leur public à leurs décisions. Dans cette recherche, nous parlons du rôle des figures d’insistance entre les deux candidats aux élections présidentielles, Emmanuel Macron et Marine Le Pen. Notre mission est de découvrir l’impact de ces figures dont les candidats ont profité afin de gagner les élections. Ces figures donnent au texte une expression particulière dans le but de convaincre les gens. De plus, nous définissons en générale le terme «discours» en expliquant l’analyse du discours politique, puis nous montrons l’effet des médias sur la politique en transmettant les événements selon l’intérêt du politicien qui les soutient. Ensuite, nous abordons le concept d'analyse du discours et son objectif de déconstruire les éléments essentiels du discours en menant une étude analytique. Sa tâche principale est de séparer les facteurs qui forment la parole afin d'atteindre le but du discours. En ce qui concerne le cadre théorique, nous étudions quatre types de figures d’insistance et leur effet de renforcer le texte qui se base en premier lieu sur le style et la capacité d’utiliser les méthodes rhétoriques. Enfin, nous trouvons que les deux candidats profitent des figures d’insistance et surtout Macron après avoir remporté les élections. Nous constatons que l’anaphore, la répétition et l’accumulation sont plus utilisés que la redondance.

Metaphor Analysis in Political Discourse Based on Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor: A Case Study

Contrary to the pre-existing mapping and top-down instantiation from thought to language, Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor(DDFM)argues that metaphor works mainly inductively upwards from the linguistic metaphor data, offering a tool for understanding people, revealing something of speaker’s ideas, affective aspects and values. This study is designed to apply DDFM to a political speech about fighting COVID-19 made by Xi Jinping, the president of the People’s Republic of China. Assisted by computer software, such as tables of Microsoft Office, to sort metaphors of each segment of this speech, this article investigates metaphors in the speech by progressive process of metaphor analysis of DDFM. It is found that: (1)The most frequently occurring metaphors are related to bodily action and body experience, which implies actions Chinese government will take.(2)The dynamically emergent systematic metaphors evolve as the discourse proceeds, conveying the political ideas and attitudes of Chinese government in fighting COVID-19.(3) Most of metaphors are conventionalized, which indicates the framing role of conventional metaphors in discourse. Thus, DDFM offers a new approach regarding metaphors in political discourse.

The Translation of Parallelism in Arabic Political Speeches between Loss and Compensation: A Comparative Study

Political discourse is characterized by stylistic and rhetorical features that distinguish it from other text genres. When a rhetorical feature such as parallelism is used frequently in Arabic political speeches, it becomes significant to highlight the fact that this recurrence of structure is deliberate. According to Islam &Cahyani (2020: 273): [T]he deliberate use of a word or phrase more than once in a sentence or a text to create a sense of pattern or form or to emphasize certain elements in the mind of the reader or listener […] can be utilized [as] a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect. The objective of this study is to highlight the loss and the compensation of parallelism when translated from Arabic into English in political speeches at bottom-up level: word, sentence and chunk levels. This study shows that parallelism is used very frequently in Arabic political speeches, and it is very popular among Arab political speakers as a rhetorical device to achieve persuasion, assertion and emotional effect on its audience.

Political Discourse as Sliding Mode Manifestations

The article considers the problem of political discourse transformation as exemplified by European (British&Russian) political rhetoric of the 20th century. Considered is the complex nature of political discourse comprising both its variable and invariable aspects reflecting discursive constancy and change which are regarded as manifestations of the sliding mode usually applicable to exact sciences phenomena. The major factors of transformation depend on social change caused by dramatic events in history, namely political conflicts. The invariable part of political discourse is concentrated around the text structure with dicteme as the main information and structure unit of the text and discourse. The variable part is determined by factors of speech regulation including target content of the utterance, status of the speaker and the listener, pre-supposition and post-supposition. Genre and register specificity of political discourse as its constant characteristics reflect the change. Conclusions offer some generalizations Virtual Learning offer for Biologic Informatics aspects

Uma farsa: Post-Dictatorial Strategies of Forgetting and Remembering in Bernardo Kucinski’s K. Relato de uma busca

The novel K. Relato de uma busca, whose publication coincided with the Brazilian National Truth Commission, has proven remarkably more effective in producing a public and institutional reckoning with the crimes of the military regime than any of the institutional mechanisms implemented by the government or any other testimonial novel previously written about the abuses of the military regime. Its appeal, in part, has to do with Kucinski’s usage of various discourses—fiction, testimonial, epistolary—that successfully challenge the authoritative, and non-dialogic discourse of the military regime. This essay argues that in this novel, politics and fiction are inverted: instead of having a law that fictionalizes the memory of the violence perpetrated by the dictatorship, we have a work of fiction that, by memorializing the struggle of a father in search of his disappeared daughter, brings the crimes committed by the military back into the political discourse.

Discourses on Corruption:Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Perspectives

Corruption, often described as all that is rotten in the modern society, has become an increasingly dominant theme in contemporary political discourse, one that is related to specific practices, concepts and evaluations that vary across regions, cultures, spheres of action and disciplines. This volume, through case studies, investigates corruption in the Global South (especially India and Brazil) and West (especially Switzerland) to gain a more nuanced view of the phenomenon. The chapters in this volume are organized into two loosely structured and overlapping parts: the first part consisting of Chapters 2¬¬–5 covers conceptual questions related to corruption discourses from different perspectives such as economic ethics, social capital theory and literature; the second part consisting of Chapters 6–11 details the complexity and diversity of corruption practices within and between countries and regions, providing different interpretative frameworks, which in turn flow into discourses on corruption. Kalpana Kannabiran is an Independent Sociologist and Lawyer, Hyderabad, India. Bettina Hollstein is Managing Director, Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, University of Erfurt, Germany. Florian F. Hoffmann is a Professor of Law, Department of Law, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Brazil.