Assessing the diversity of hidden dental morphology in Hyperodapedontinae rhynchosaurs (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria)

AbstractThe Baka Pygmies are known for their short stature resulting from a reduced growth rate during infancy. They are peculiar also for their teeth erupt earlier than in any other African population, and their posterior dentition is larger than in non-Pygmy populations. However, the Baka’s dental morphology, like several other aspects of their biology, is still understudied. Here, we explore the variation of the Baka’s deciduous upper and lower second molars (dm2s) in comparison to a geographically heterogeneous human sample by means of 3D geometric morphometrics and analysis of dental traits. Our results show that the different populations largely overlap based on the shape of their dm2s, especially the lower ones. Their distal region and the height of the dentinal crown differ the most, with the Baka showing the most extreme range of variation. Upper and lower dm2s covary to a great extent (RV = 0.82). The Baka’s and South Americans’ dm2s were confirmed among the largest in our sample. Despite the Baka’s unique growth pattern, long-lasting isolation, and extreme dental variation, it is not possible to distinguish them from other populations based on their dm2s’ morphology only.

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Eurasian and North American phylogeny of Turolian hipparionine horses (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in China

The Paleontological Society Special Publications ◽

10.1017/s2475262200008650 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 305-305

Author(s):

Mahito Watabe

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North American ◽

Northern China ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

The Other ◽

Dental Morphology ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Open Land ◽

Specialized Form ◽

Eastern Half

The late Miocene Chinese hipparions are morphologically diversified showing similarity to both western Old World's and North American forms. Two Chinese taxa that are phylogenetically related to western Old World's forms are Hipparion fossatum (= H. forstende) from Baode (Shanxi) and H. hippidiodus from Qingyang (Gansu) and Baode. The former is related to H. mediterraneum and the latter to H. urmiense - platygenys from the Turolian localities in the western Old World. H. fossatum and H. hippidiodus are associated with the “dorcadoides” (open-land) and “mixed” faunas in northern China. Hipparion fossatum that is characterized by POF located close to the orbit co-occurs with large and morphologically specialized form, H. dermatorhinum in Baode (Loc.30). H. hippidiodus with reduced POF is discovered with smaller H. coelophyes in Loc. 43, 44 (Baode) and Loc. 115 (Gansu).The hipparions associated with the “gaudryi” (forest) fauna are characterized by well defined and small POF located far from the orbit. Those forms are: H. platyodus from Loc. 70; H. ptychodus from Loc. 73; H. tylodus from Hsi-Liang in Yushe - Wuxiang basins; and H. sefvei from Loc. 12 at Xin-an in Henan province. H. coelophyes from Baode (Loc.43 & 44) and Qingyang (Loc. 115) also show similar facial morphology to the these forms, although it has small size and shallow POF. Those forms are similar in facial and dental morphology to Hipparion sensu stricto and some species of Cormohipparion in North America.The assemblages of Chinese hipparions are composed of two groups whose members are phylogenetically similar to the forms from both western part of Eurasia and North America. The “gaudryi” fauna is considered younger than the other two on the basis of faunal analyses. The similarity in hipparionine taxonomy between northern China and North America in the latest Miocene is an evidences for possible faunal interchange(s) occurred during that period, as suggested by taxonomic analyses on carnivores and proboscideans in eastern half of Eurasia and North America.

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Population affinities of African Colombians to Sub-Saharan Africans based on dental morphology

HOMO ◽

10.1016/j.jchb.2006.12.002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 329-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M.E. Delgado-Burbano

Keyword(s):

Dental Morphology ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Population Affinities

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Cranial and dental morphology in a bohaiornithid enantiornithine with information on its tooth replacement pattern

Cretaceous Research ◽

10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105021

Author(s):

Di Liu ◽

L.M. Chiappe ◽

Becky Wu ◽

Qingjin Meng ◽

Yuguang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Morphology ◽

Tooth Replacement ◽

Replacement Pattern

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: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Fredensborg, Denmark, September 27-29, 1965 . Albert A. Dahlberg.

American Anthropologist ◽

10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00860 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 1038-1039

Author(s):

A. E. W. Miles

Keyword(s):

International Symposium ◽

Dental Morphology

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Influence of phylogeny on the estimation of diet from dental morphology in the Carnivora

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/pab.2021.37 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Samantha S. B. Hopkins ◽

Samantha A. Price ◽

Alec J. Chiono

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Evolutionary Constraints ◽

Dental Morphology ◽

Tooth Shape ◽

Fossil Mammals ◽

Phylogenetic Constraints ◽

Substantial Error ◽

Evolutionary Tempo And Mode ◽

Vertebrate Skeleton

Abstract Because teeth are the most easily preserved part of the vertebrate skeleton and are particularly morphologically variable in mammals, studies of fossil mammals rely heavily on dental morphology. Dental morphology is used both for systematics and phylogeny as well as for inferences about paleoecology, diet in particular. We analyze the influence of evolutionary history on our ability to reconstruct diet from dental morphology in the mammalian order Carnivora, and we find that much of our understanding of diet in carnivorans is dependent on the phylogenetic constraints on diet in this clade. Substantial error in estimating diet from dental morphology is present regardless of the morphological data used to make the inference, although more extensive morphological datasets are more accurate in predicting diet than more limited character sets. Unfortunately, including phylogeny in making dietary inferences actually decreases the accuracy of these predictions, showing that dietary predictions from morphology are substantially dependent on the evolutionary constraints on carnivore diet and tooth shape. The “evolutionary ratchet” that drives lineages of carnivorans to evolve greater degrees of hypercarnivory through time actually plays a role in allowing dietary inference from tooth shape, but consequently requires caution in interpreting dietary inference from the teeth fossil carnivores. These difficulties are another reminder of the differences in evolutionary tempo and mode between morphology and ecology.

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