International democracy promotion and democratization in the Middle East and North Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Democracy Promotion

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-158
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Herrold
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
National Values ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Arab Spring

The concluding chapter ties together lessons learned and offers a set of policy recommendations aimed at making US democracy aid more relevant, sustainable, and effective. After summarizing the book’s argument, the chapter maintains that Egyptian NGOs’ perseverance in democracy promotion suggests that organizations operating in autocratic states can create incremental progress toward democracy in ways that existing theories overlook. It proposes that democracy aid could be reformed by de-compartmentalizing grantmaking, funding different types of grantees, reforming application and evaluation procedures, and driving national values instead of institutions. While the Arab Spring did not lead directly to democracy, the uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa gave citizens the space to demand freedom, dignity, and social justice. As this book has shown, local groups are still struggling for those rights as they work to build democracy from the ground up.

Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World War ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.

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