Protection of orphans and children left without parental care from violence and abuse: legal grounds and psychological assistance

The paper deals with the problem of abuse and violence against minors, among which the authors distinguish a special category: orphans and children left without parental care. Approaches to the definition and forms of violence and ill-treatment of minors are described. The psychological causes and consequences of violence and ill-treatment are analyzed. Technologies for providing psychological assistance to child victims of violence and abuse are offered. A significant part of the work is devoted to the consideration of the features of interdepartmental interaction on prevention and timely detection of signs and consequences of abuse and violence against children. The result of such an analysis was the development of a model regulation describing the procedural and legal issues of coordinating such interaction between specialists from different departments in order to protect the interests of minors. The work is addressed to psychologists, teachers, specialists of organizations for children.

Article 19: The Right to Protection from All Forms of Violence

Article 19 defines violence broadly to include all forms of harm, encompassing physical, mental and sexual violence as well as non-intentional forms of harm, such as neglect. As such, Article 19 articulates full respect for the human dignity and physical and personal integrity of children as rights-bearing individuals. This requires a paradigm shift of caregiving and protection away from the perception of children primarily as victims. Article 19 sets out a comprehensive prohibition on all forms of violence towards children and enjoins State Parties to take all form all measures available to enforce this right. This article summarizes the four main attributes of Article 19 as follows: (1) All violence towards children is prohibited, frequency or severity of harm need not be demonstrated and violence is defined broadly to encompass all forms of violence towards children, personal, social and institutional, including physical and emotional harm as well as neglect, maltreatment, sexual abuse, and abandonment; (2) the right protects children from harm from their parents and legal guardians as well as when they are in the care of proxy caregivers, including school officials, hospital staff, daycares, sports programs, as well as custodial settings and alternative care arrangements; (3) States are required to give effect to this right through all appropriate measures: legislative, administrative, social and educational; and finally the call for comprehensive measures to eradicate violence against children is reinforced by the final attribute (4) this attribute insists that the range of interventions required to give effect to Article 19 rights includes measures to ensure effective identification, reporting, investigation, and treatment of all forms of harm to children.

Pengalaman Orang Tua Sebagai Prediktor Pengetahuan, Sikap, Self Efficacy Orang Tua Dalam Edukasi Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak

Background: Parental education is important in preventing sexual violence against children. Parents need good knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to educate their children, though their effectiveness is affected by various factors. Objective: This study aimed to predict the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of parents in education to prevent sexual violence in children. Methods: A quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The sample is 400 parents who have children aged 12-17 years. Data was collected through direct interviews and analyzed using univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square test with 95% CI). Results: the experience of parents receiving education on preventing sexual violence against children correlate with knowledge (p-value = 0.012), attitude (p-value = 0.0000) and self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The experience of parents helps predict knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in providing education to prevent sexual violence against children.)

ANALISIS SOSIO YURIDIS KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Kekerasan pada anak dilaporkan terjadi hampir di seluruh dunia dengan prevalens yang cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Indonesia berada pada kondisi gawat darurat anak disebabkan kasus kekerasan terhadap anak-anak Indonesia meningkat dengan sangat tajam. Jumlah kekerasan pada anak di Kota Makassar cukup tinggi pada tahun 2017 hingga pada tahun 2020.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerasan pada anak di Kota Makassar ditinjau dari sosio yuridis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Nopember tahun 2020 hingga bulan Januari tahun 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data penelitian yaitu dari literature dan data lapangan. Teknik pengambilan data yaitu dengan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu secara normative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penangangan terhadap anak korban kekerasan di Kota Makassar melibatkan beberapa insitusi yang terkait yaitu P2TP2A (Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak), Dinas Sosial, Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Pendidikan, Kepolisian, Pengadilan. Akibat hukum terhadap kekerasan anak di Kota Makassar yaitu penanganan secara langsung oleh P2TP2A yaitu dengan cara pembinaan di rumah aman sehingga kegiatan preventif lebih diutamakan. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kekerasan pada anak yaitu factor keluarga, faktor lingkungan dan factor anak itu sendiri.. Violence in children is reported in almost all over the world with a prevalence that tends to increase from year to year. Indonesia is in a state of emergency for children because cases of violence against Indonesian children have increased very sharply. The number of violence against children in Makassar City is quite high from 2017 to 2020. This study aimed to analyze violence against children in Makassar City in terms of socio-juridical terms. The research was conducted in November 2020 to January 2021. The data was collected through interviews and documentation with purposive sampling. The types of data used were primary data and secondary data. Sources of research data were literature and field data. The data collection techniques were interview and documentation study. The data analysis used was normative. The data analysis used was normative. The results showed that the handling of child victims of violence in Makassar City involved several related institutions, namely P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children), Social Service, Health Service, Education Service, Police, Court. The legal consequence of child abuse in Makassar City is direct handling by P2TP2A, namely by means of guidance at a safe home so that preventive activities are prioritized. Factors that cause violence in children, namely family factors, environmental factors and factors of the child himself

IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA BRENGKOK KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan pada anak dimasa pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana upaya pencegahan serta implementasinya berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya kasus kekerasan terhadap anak di masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dikarenakan faktor ketidaksiapan orangtua dalam situasi ini, faktor krisis ekonomi, serta dikarenakan faktor pendidikan yang dilakukan di rumah. Dan tulisan ini juga memberikan solusi pencegahan kekerasan terhadap anak di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan cara kegiatan sosialisasi yang dilakukan peneliti di Desa Brengkok. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic and how to prevent and implement it based on lawo number 35 of 2014. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with the type of field research that uses empirical juridical approach. The results of the study found that the factors that caused cases of violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic were due to the unpreparedness off parents in this situation, the economic crisis, and the education factor carried out at home. And this article also provides a solution to prevent violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic by means of socialization activities carried out by researchers in Brengkok Village.

Prevention of Violence against Children: Challenges and Opportunities

This book is a compilation of papers authored by academicians, practitioners, researchers who are the witnesses to increasing challenges in mitigating violence against children. Children are considered to be the backbone of human development. Violence against children is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which consists of all forms of physical, mental torture, injury, abuse, neglect, maltreatment and sexual abuse perpetrated on them. It is very evident that children experience certain forms of violence at their various stages of life. Global evidence suggests that girls and boys in certain contexts are more vulnerable to violence (UNICEF, 2017). For instance, vulnerability may be heightened for children living with disabilities, in institutional care and deprived of liberty; those living in extreme poverty, unaccompanied or separated from family; children on the move (migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced children); and children living with HIV, facing discrimination for their sexual orientation or gender identity, belonging to marginalized social or ethnic groups, and those living with other social and economic disadvantages. While individual factors that increase the risk of violence are clearly important, there is broad consensus in the field that violence prevention and response must not focus too narrowly on individual characteristics of victims and perpetrators rather the focus should be enlarged to give more attention to broader social, economic, normative and institutional environments in which children and adolescents live.