An Attempt to Temporary Diminish the Bilateral Reflex between Hands by a Classical Conditioning Procedure

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Melin ◽  
Anders Görlige ◽  
Karl-Olov Fagerström
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio E. Lancioni ◽  
Frans Coninx ◽  
Paul M. Smeets

The present study evaluated the viability of a classical conditioning procedure with an air puff as unconditioned stimulus for the hearing assessment of multiply handicapped children and adolescents. All subjects were also exposed to operant conditioning, which consisted of a modified visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) procedure or involved edible reinforcement contingent on a reaching response (for blind subjects). The findings indicate that the classical conditioning procedure was successful with 21 of the 23 subjects, whereas operant conditioning succeeded with 15 of the subjects. Thresholds obtained with classical conditioning were mostly equal to or within 10 dB of those obtained with operant conditioning and also matched previously available hearing estimates. These findings seem to suggest that the classical procedure can be a useful behavioral alternative for audiological assessment.


2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Woodruff-Pak ◽  
John T. Green ◽  
Jonathan T. Pak ◽  
Boris Heifets ◽  
Michelle H. Pak

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Vogel-Sprott

The suppression of a rewarded response receiving delayed punishment was examined when a stimulus, previously paired in conditioning trials with punishment, was introduced briefly with the response. Three groups of 20 alcoholics were employed. All received preliminary stimulation by a tone and punishment (shock), but only Group E received these stimuli in a conditioning paradigm. An instrumental response was subsequently trained in all Ss under immediate reward (money). When performance reached criterion, delayed punishment also was administered for this response. During these punished trials, the tone occurred briefly, immediately following the rewarded response for Groups E and C1. The remaining group (C2) received no tone on these trials. The response was more quickly suppressed in E than in C groups, and the two C groups did not differ in response suppression. The evidence was interpreted in terms of classical conditioning principles, and some practical implications of this finding were considered.


1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Badia ◽  
Paul Lewis ◽  
Steve Suter

Two studies are reported using rat vocalization to electric shock as the behavioral measure. Study 1 used a classical conditioning procedure with an auditory CS for one group while presenting only the UCS to a second group. The second study investigated the same phenomenon but used a within- instead of a between-groups design. In both studies, Ss given CS-UCS pairings vocalized significantly less to UCS than when the UCS was given alone. Both studies also produced gradual UCR curves but no detectable vocalizations to the CS occurred.


1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Levy ◽  
Abraham J. Susswein

We examined whether swimming and inking, two defensive responses in Aplysia fasciata, are facilitated by a classical conditioning procedure that has been shown to facilitate a third defensive response, respiratory pumping. Training consisted of pairing a head shock (UCS) with a modified seawater (85%, 120%, or pH 7.0 seawater—CSs). Animals were tested by re-exposing them to the same altered seawater 1 hr after the training. For all three altered seawaters, only respiratory pumping is specifically increased by conditioning. Swimming is sensitized by shock, and inking is unaffected by training, indicating that the conditioning procedure is likely to affect a neural site that differentially controls respiratory pumping. Additional observations also indicate that the three defensive responses are differentially regulated. First, different noxious stimuli preferentially elicit different defensive responses. Second, the three defensive responses are differentially affected by shock. Inking is elicited only immediately following shock, whereas swimming and respiratory pumping are facilitated for a period of time following the shock. Third, swimming and respiratory pumping are differentially affected by noxious stimuli that are delivered in open versus closed environments. These data confirm that neural pathways exist that allowAplysia to modulate separately each of the three defensive behaviors that were examined.


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