Drug-induced liver injury: Is chronic liver disease a risk factor and a clinical issue?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Teschke ◽  
Gaby Danan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

scholarly journals Kratom-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury and Its Conservative Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232470961983613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Fernandes ◽  
Umair Iqbal ◽  
Sean P. Tighe ◽  
Aijaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of hepatotoxicity associated with prescription-based and over-the-counter exposure to medications and herbal supplements. Use of unapproved and inadequately tested herbal supplements can cause DILI. Therefore, thorough history-taking on exposure to herbal supplements must be an integral part of clinical evaluation of DILI. Kratom is an herbal supplement or remedy that has been known for its analgesic effects and has also been used for self-treatment of opiate withdrawals. A 52-year-old man was seen for evaluation of yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin. He reported taking kratom for right shoulder strain for at least a couple of months. On workup, his total bilirubin was noted to be 23.2 mg/dL, which peaked at 28.9 mg/dL. He was noted to have mild elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Extensive laboratory tests were ordered and known causes of chronic liver disease ruled out. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen was unremarkable without stigmata of portal hypertension or signs of chronic liver disease. He demonstrated no evidence of coagulopathy or hepatic encephalopathy during his illness. He underwent liver biopsy, which demonstrated histologic evidence of acute cholestatic hepatitis highly suspicious of DILI. He was advised to avoid kratom or other herbal supplements in future and prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid with significant improvement in his liver chemistries. Kratom is associated with significant liver enzymes derangements leading to DILI. Kratom is not approved for use in the United States and should be avoided.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury in the Setting of Chronic Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Hoppmann ◽  
Meagan E. Gray ◽  
Brendan M. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

Profile of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. S576
Author(s):  
Rajesh Gopalakrishna ◽  
M C Neethu ◽  
S Shiraz ◽  
Paul K. Vincent ◽  
Ramakrishna P. Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

scholarly journals Mechanism and Therapeutic Opportunities of Histone Modifications in Chronic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyu Cai ◽  
Can Gan ◽  
Chengwei Tang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jinhang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Global Health Problem

Chronic liver disease (CLD) represents a global health problem, accounting for the heavy burden of disability and increased health care utilization. Epigenome alterations play an important role in the occurrence and progression of CLD. Histone modifications, which include acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, represent an essential part of epigenetic modifications that affect the transcriptional activity of genes. Different from genetic mutations, histone modifications are plastic and reversible. They can be modulated pharmacologically without changing the DNA sequence. Thus, there might be chances to establish interventional solutions by targeting histone modifications to reverse CLD. Here we summarized the roles of histone modifications in the context of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. The potential targets of histone modifications for translation into therapeutics were also investigated. In prospect, high efficacy and low toxicity drugs that are selectively targeting histone modifications are required to completely reverse CLD and prevent the development of liver cirrhosis and malignancy.

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