scholarly journals Snow features on sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean during summer 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Qing Ji ◽  
Xiaoping Pang ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Ruibo Lei
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Western Arctic

scholarly journals Timing of sea ice retreat can alter phytoplankton community structure in the western Arctic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fujiwara ◽  
T. Hirawake ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
I. Imai ◽  
S.-I. Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

Abstract. This study assesses the response of phytoplankton assemblages to recent climate change, especially with regard to the shrinking of sea ice in the northern Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. Distribution patterns of phytoplankton groups in the late summers of 2008–2010 were analysed based on HPLC pigment signatures and, the following four major algal groups were inferred via multiple regression and cluster analyses: prasinophytes, diatoms, haptophytes and dinoflagellates. A remarkable interannual difference in the distribution pattern of the groups was found in the northern basin area. Haptophytes dominated and dispersed widely in warm surface waters in 2008, whereas prasinophytes dominated in cold water in 2009 and 2010. A difference in the onset date of sea ice retreat was evident among years–the sea ice retreat in 2008 was 1–2 months earlier than in 2009 and 2010. The spatial distribution of early sea ice retreat matched the areas in which a shift in algal community composition was observed. Steel-Dwass's multiple comparison tests were used to assess the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the four clusters. We found a statistically significant difference in temperature between the haptophyte-dominated cluster and the other clusters, suggesting that the change in the phytoplankton communities was related to the earlier sea ice retreat in 2008 and the corollary increase in sea surface temperatures. Longer periods of open water during the summer, which are expected in the future, may affect food webs and biogeochemical cycles in the western Arctic due to shifts in phytoplankton community structure.

scholarly journals Coastal acidification induced by biogeochemical processes driven by sea-ice melt in the western Arctic ocean

Polar Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100504
Author(s):  
Di Qi ◽  
Baoshan Chen ◽  
Liqi Chen ◽  
Hongmei Lin ◽  
Zhongyong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Coastal Acidification

scholarly journals Evidence for rapid thinning of sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean at the end of the 1980s

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 2851-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter B. Tucker ◽  
John W. Weatherly ◽  
Duane T. Eppler ◽  
L. Dennis Farmer ◽  
Diane L. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Western Arctic

scholarly journals Low <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> under sea-ice melt in the Canada Basin of the western Arctic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Kosugi ◽  
Daisuke Sasano ◽  
Masao Ishii ◽  
Shigeto Nishino ◽  
Hiroshi Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Canada Basin ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Western Arctic

Abstract. In September 2013, we observed an expanse of surface water with low CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea) (

scholarly journals Sea-ice melt CO<sub>2</sub>–carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6769-6789 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Bates ◽  
R. Garley ◽  
K. E. Frey ◽  
K. L. Shake ◽  
J. T. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Melt Pond ◽  
Melt Ponds ◽  
Western Arctic

Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2–carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea-ice as "melt ponds" and below sea-ice as "interface waters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (∼0.5 to <6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ∼20 to <550 μmol kg−1) and total alkalinity (TA; ∼30 to <500 μmol kg−1) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared to the co-located underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in these melt ponds was highly variable (∼<10 to >1500 μatm) with the majority of melt ponds acting as potentially strong sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pH of melt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to 7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (>8.2 to 10.8). All of the observed melt ponds had very low (<0.1) saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals such as aragonite (Ωaragonite). Our data suggest that sea-ice generated alkaline or acidic type melt pond water. This melt water chemistry dictates whether the ponds are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere or CO2 sinks. Below-ice interface water CO2–carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantial generation of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of CaCO3 in sea-ice. The interface waters generally had lower pCO2 and higher pH/Ωaragonite than the co-located mixed layer beneath. Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed-layer pCO2, thereby enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO2 from the atmosphere. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-ice CO2–carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to the complex factors that influence the balance of CO2 sinks and sources (and thereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Seasonal and spatial variability of sea ice and phytoplankton biomarker flux in the Chukchi sea (western Arctic Ocean)

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youcheng Bai ◽  
Marie-Alexandrine Sicre ◽  
Jianfang Chen ◽  
Vincent Klein ◽  
Haiyan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Western Arctic

scholarly journals Low <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> under sea-ice melt in the Canada Basin of the western Arctic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5727-5739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Kosugi ◽  
Daisuke Sasano ◽  
Masao Ishii ◽  
Shigeto Nishino ◽  
Hiroshi Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Canada Basin ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Riverine Discharge ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Western Arctic

Abstract. In September 2013, we observed an expanse of surface water with low CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea) (< 200 µatm) in the Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. The large undersaturation of CO2 in this region was the result of massive primary production after the sea-ice retreat in June and July. In the surface of the Canada Basin, salinity was low (< 27) and pCO2sea was closer to the air–sea CO2 equilibrium (∼  360 µatm). From the relationships between salinity and total alkalinity, we confirmed that the low salinity in the Canada Basin was due to the larger fraction of meltwater input (∼  0.16) rather than the riverine discharge (∼  0.1). Such an increase in pCO2sea was not so clear in the coastal region near Point Barrow, where the fraction of riverine discharge was larger than that of sea-ice melt. We also identified low pCO2sea (< 250 µatm) in the depth of 30–50 m under the halocline of the Canada Basin. This subsurface low pCO2sea was attributed to the advection of Pacific-origin water, in which dissolved inorganic carbon is relatively low, through the Chukchi Sea where net primary production is high. Oxygen supersaturation (> 20 µmol kg−1) in the subsurface low pCO2sea layer in the Canada Basin indicated significant net primary production undersea and/or in preformed condition. If these low pCO2sea layers surface by wind mixing, they will act as additional CO2 sinks; however, this is unlikely because intensification of stratification by sea-ice melt inhibits mixing across the halocline.

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