As a number of seasonal factors affect cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, especially in young children, our objective was to verify if winter and summer vitamin D intakes in Quebec preschoolers reach the adequate intake of 5 µg/day. A three-month retrospective food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour food recall were used with parents of 98 children (mean age 56 months) in summer and of 72 of these children (mean age 65 months) in winter. To ensure completeness of data, vitamin D content of foods not covered in the Canadian Nutrient File was taken from other sources. According to the food frequency questionnaire, total vitamin D intakes were 9.7 ± 4.3 g/day in summer and 11.6 ± 4.8 g/day in winter. Only 10% of children in summer and 7% in winter had an intake below 5 µg/day. The 24-hour food recall vitamin D intake estimate was lower (summer 7.0 ± 3.8 µg/day, winter 7.2 ± 4.2 µg/day). This difference could be partly due to a discrepancy in the estimation of multivitamin supplement intake. However, according to both estimates, vitamin D intakes appeared generally adequate in this sample of Quebec preschoolers.
Assessment of vitamin D intake among Libyan women – adaptation and validation of specific food frequency questionnaire