scholarly journals PROPHASING OF INTERPHASE NUCLEI AND INDUCTION OF NUCLEAR ENVELOPES AROUND METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES IN HELA AND CHINESE HAMSTER HOMO- AND HETEROKARYONS

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Obara ◽  
Lee S. Chai ◽  
Herbert Weinfeld ◽  
Avery A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Binucleate Cell ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Formation

Fusing human HeLa metaphase cells with HeLa interphase cells resulted within 30 min in either of two phenomena in the resultant binucleate cell: either prophasing of the interphase nucleus or formation of a normal-appearing nuclear envelope around the metaphase chromosomes. The frequency of either occurrence was strongly dependent on environmental pH. At pH's of 6.6–8.0, prophasing predominated; at pH 8.5 nuclear envelope formation predominated. Additionally, the frequencies of the two events in multinucleate cells depended on the metaphase/interphase ratio. When the ratio was 0.33 nuclear envelope formation predominated; when it was 2.0 prophasing predominated. In their general features, the results with fused HeLa cells resembled those reported earlier with fused Chinese hamster Don cells. However, the results provided an indication that between pH 6.6 and 8.0 the HeLa metaphase cells possessed a much greater capacity than the Don metaphase cells to induce prophasing. Fusion of Don metaphase cells with HeLa interphase cells or of Don interphase cells with HeLa metaphase cells at pH 8.0 resulted in nuclear envelope formation or prophasing in each kind of heterokaryon. As in the homokaryons, the frequencies of the two events in the heterokaryons depended on the metaphase/interphase ratio. The statistics of prophasing and nuclear envelope formation in the homo- and heterokaryon populations were consistent with the notion that disruption or formation of the nuclear envelope depends on the balance attained between disruptive and formative processes.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF NUCLEAR ENVELOPES AROUND METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES AFTER FUSION WITH INTERPHASE CELLS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Ikeuchi ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Sanbe ◽  
Herbert Weinfeld ◽  
Avery A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Formation

The process of cellular fusion induced by Sendai virus in Chinese hamster cells (Don line) afforded us the opportunity to study nuclear envelope formation around metaphase sets in the presence of interphase nuclei, when chromosome pulverization failed to occur in such multinucleate cells. Morphologically, the enveloped metaphase chromosomes resembled a normal telophase nucleus, though minor differences prompted us to call it telophase-like. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that the membranes enveloping the chromosomes appeared to be identical with a normal nuclear envelope. The longer the cells were incubated with Colcemid before fusion, the higher was the number of cells with telophase-like nuclei and the lower the percentage of cells with pulverizations. Furthermore, the number of pulverizations bore a somewhat direct relationship to the ratio of metaphase to interphase nuclei in multinucleate cells, and the number of telophase-like nuclei was inversely proportional to this ratio. A hypothesis is advanced in which a balance between the activities of a chromosome pulverization factor and a nuclear envelope formation factor, the former in metaphase cells and the latter in interphase cells, is decisive as to the nature of morphologic events observed in virus-induced fused cells.

Telomere arrangement in differentiated interphase cells of Allium cepa: a function of chromosome arm lengths at anaphase–telophase

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine P. Fussell
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Latitudinal Band

The arrangement of telomeres in eight types of differentiated Allium cepa L. interphase cells was studied to find whether the distribution pattern varies with differentiation as centromere distribution appears to in differentiated cells of mice and Triturus vulgaris L. The results show that telomere positions and groupings in A. cepa are essentially the same in differentiated and meristematic interphase nuclei; telomeres, which are roughly paired, are arranged in a telophase configuration along one side of the nucleus. Thus telomeres appear to maintain the same basic arrangement in differentiated and in meristematic cells. Comparison of chromosome arm lengths and interphase telomere positions suggests that interphase telomere arrangements are a function of chromosome arm lengths at the time the nuclear envelope forms. Such an arrangement would place homologous telomeres in the same latitudinal band of the interphase nucleus.

The analysis of 40 kDa nuclear protein, p40, in interphase cells and mitotic cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kaneda ◽  
K. Kinoshita ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
High Salt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Sequential Treatments

We previously reported that the monoclonal antibody M108 recognized a 40 kDa protein both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This nuclear 40 kDa antigen was located in the nuclear envelope in interphase cells and in the perichromosomal region during mitosis. Now, we have analyzed this nuclear 40 kDa protein (p40) further, through morphological and biochemical approaches. At the beginning of mitosis, the perinuclear p40 detached from the nuclear envelope and moved to surround the condensing chromatin, while in the late stage of mitosis, the perichromosomal p40 moved back to the reassembled nuclear envelope. Most of the perichromosomal p40 on the metaphase chromosome was solubilized only by DNase I treatment, not by either high salt or detergent treatment. On the other hand, the perinuclear p40 was not solubilized by DNase1 alone, or high salt detergent alone. Sequential treatments with DNase I and high salt detergent were required to extract p40 in interphase nuclei. These results suggest that p40 was associated both with the nuclear envelope and chromatin DNA in interphase nuclei, while it bound only to chromatin DNA in mitosis.

scholarly journals CONTRAST BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL pH DEPENDENCIES OF PROPHASING AND NUCLEAR MEMBRANE FORMATION IN INTERPHASE-METAPHASE CELLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Obara ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Lee S. Chai ◽  
Herbert Weinfeld ◽  
Avery A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Binucleate Cell ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Mononucleate Cell

In Chinese hamster Don cells, fusion of an interphase cell with a metaphase cell resulted either in prophasing of the interphase nucleus, including loss of the nuclear envelope (NE), or in the formation of a double membrane around the metaphase chromosomes. Only one of these phenomena occurred in a given interphase-metaphase (I–M) binucleate cell. At pH 7.4, there was about an equal probability that either event could occur amongst the population of I–M cells. The effect of pH changes in the medium containing the fused cells was examined. At pH 6.6, prophasing was the predominant event; at pH 8.0, membrane formation predominated. It was found that the rate of progression of a mononucleate cell from G2 to metaphase was appreciably faster at pH 6.6 than at pH 8.0. Conversely, the progression from metaphase to G1 was faster at pH 8.0 than at pH 6.6. These results with the mononucleate cells strengthen the hypothesis that structural changes in I–M cells are reflections of normal mitotic phenomena. Additional evidence for this hypothesis was produced by electron microscope examination after direct fixation in chrom-osmium. The double membrane around the chromosomes of the I–M cell was indistinguishable from the normal NE. The results obtained by varying the pH of the medium containing the fused cells provide an indication that disruption or formation of the NE of Don cells depends on the balance reached between disruptive and formative processes.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF PROPHASE IN INTERPHASE NUCLEI BY FUSION WITH METAPHASE CELLS

1972 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-Ichi Matsui ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Herbert Weinfeld ◽  
Avery A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Nuclear Stage

Fusion of an interphase cell with a metaphase cell results in profound changes in the interphase chromatin that have been called "chromosome pulverization" or "premature chromosome condensation" In addition to the usual light microscopy, the nature of the changes has been investigated in the present study with electron microscopy and biochemical techniques Metaphase and interphase cells were mixed and fused at 37°C by means of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. After cell fusion, morphological changes in interphase nuclei occurred only in binucleate cells which contained one intact set of metaphase chromosomes Irrespective of the nuclear stage at the time of cell fusion, the morphologic changes that occurred 5–20 min later simulated very closely a sequence of events that characterizes the normal G2-prophase transition. Radioautography revealed that, late in the process, substantial amounts of RNA and probably protein were transferred from the interphase nucleus into the cytoplasm of fused cells. Thus, the findings indicate the existence in metaphase cells of factor(s) which are capable of initiating biochemical and morphological events in interphase nuclei intrinsic to the normal mitotic process.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of mitosis in the cowpea rust fungus Uromyces phaseoli var. Vignae.

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B Heath ◽  
M C Heath
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Central Bundle ◽  
Late Telophase ◽  
Uromyces Phaseoli ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Aspects of the ultrastructure of mitotic nuclei of the fungus Uromyces phaseoli var. vignae are described from both intercellular hyphae in the cowpea host and infection structures induced to differentiate in vitro. The interphase nucleus-associated organelle (NAO) consists of two trilamellar acircular disks connceted by an osmiophilic bar. The intranuclear spindle develops between these disks when they separate. The spindle contains pole to pole, interdigitating, chromosomal, and fragmentary microtubules arranged to form a central bundle along the surface of which lie the metaphase chromosomes. No metaphase plate is found. There are up to three microtubules per kinetochore and approximately 14 chromosomes on the haploid spindle. Telophase elongation appears to involve extension of pole to pole microtubules with no evidence for the remaining presence of interdigitating microtubules. Concomitantly, numerous cytoplasmic microtubules develop from each NAO disk where few or none are present in other phases. Reformation of the interphase NAO involves the formation of a sausage-shaped intermediate at late telophase. The nuclear envelope remains intact and the nucleolus persists throughtout division. Various aspects of the spindle and NAOs appear to be evolutionary intermediates between Ascomycetes and higher Basidiomycetes, thus supporting the theory of Basidiomycete evolution from the former group and demonstrating an encouraging correlation between mitotic characteristics and other phylogenetic markers.

Decondensation of the mouse sperm nucleus within the interphase nucleus

Zygote ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Maeda ◽  
Hiroko Yanagimachi ◽  
Hiroyuki Tateno ◽  
Noriko Usui ◽  
R. Yanagimachi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Mouse Sperm ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Germinal Vesicles ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Mouse Eggs

SummarySperm nuclei incorporated into the cytoplasm (ooplasm) of fertilised mouse eggs at the pronuclear stage remain condensed, whereas those injected into male or female pronuclei decondense. Similarly, sperm nuclei injected into germinal vesicles of immature oocytes or the nuclei of 2-cell embryos decondense, while those entering the cytoplasm of these oocytes / embryos do not. These facts seem to suggest that factors necessary for the decondensation of sperm nucleus are present in interphase nuclei and are released into the ooplasm during nuclear envelope breakdown. Nucleoplasmin, which is synthesised in the cytoplasm and accumulated within the nucleus, is likely a major candidate for these factors.

scholarly journals Chromosomal characterization of three native and one cultivated species of Lathyrus L. in Southern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Battistin ◽  
Elaine Biondo ◽  
Liliana Gressler May Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Cultivated Species

Mitotic metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of nine populations of three South American species of Lathyrus (L. pubescens, L. nervosus and L. crassipes) and six populations of the cultivated species L. odoratus were analyzed. All populations had 2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes. There were significant differences among populations within each species and among species in the number of metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes, the number and location of secondary constrictions, chromosome length (longest and shortest), total haploid complement, arm ratio, and centromeric index. L. odoratus showed the highest tendency towards karyotype symmetry whereas the three South American species showed a moderate tendency towards asymmetry, with L. pubescens being the most asymmetrical. Silver staining was used to identify the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and the number of nucleoli per interphase nucleus in each species. In L. pubescens and L. nervosus, the NORs were located on the secondary constriction of the long arm of pair 7, in L. crassipes, the NOR was proximal being located in the pair of metacentric chromosomes, and in L. odoratus there were four terminal NORs on the short arms of pairs 4 and 5. The four species had a maximum of four nucleoli per interphase nucleus, indicating the presence of four regions with active ribosomal genes in each case.

Monoclonal antibody against the centrosome

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
P.N. Rao ◽  
J.Y. Zhao ◽  
R.K. Ganju ◽  
C.L. Ashorn
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Major Protein Band ◽  
Pericentriolar Material

A monoclonal antibody, MPM-13, raised against mitotic HeLa cell extracts recognized a perinuclear area in interphase cells and spindle poles in mitotic cells of human, mouse, Chinese hamster and sea urchin. On immunoblots MPM-13 recognized a major protein band at 43 X 10(3) Mr and a variable minor band at 56 X 10(3) Mr in both mitotic and interphase HeLa cells. These antigens were detectable in a variety of mammalian cells as well as in the unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena. In cells arrested in mitosis by colcemid and stained with MPM-13 by indirect immunofluorescence, numerous fluorescent speckles were seen throughout the cytoplasm. Reversal of colcemid block in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by washing resulted in the reappearance of a fluorescent patch at the poles of the re-formed spindles. In HeLa cells arrested in mitosis by the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol, MPM-13 stained a large fluorescent patch encircled by dark metaphase chromosomes. This pattern indicated the failure of centrioles to move to the opposite poles in the presence of taxol. These data indicate that the MPM-13 antigens are associated with the colcemid-sensitive pericentriolar material from which microtubules originate but not with the centrioles themselves. It is also clear that these antigens are highly conserved during evolution.

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