An Aggregate-Demand Model for Automobiles

The rapid development of the Chinese cruise market has brought with it an urgent increase in demand for Chinese cruise seafarers. This brings great opportunities and challenges to the Chinese seafarer labour market. This research aims to contribute to this relatively understudied area by calculating the demand for Chinese cruise seafarer, and understanding the Chinese seafarers' labour market from the aspects of training, recruitment and their work experience on ships. In order to achieve this objective, a demand model is constructed through the idea of market-driven, in-depth interviews using a detailed questionnaire. The study estimates that the total demand for Chinese cruise seafarers in 2020 will be 29,200 and 100,000 in 2030. This reveals a predicted gap between demand and supply of 19,200 in 2020. The current source of seafarers is mainly from domestic shipping companies, hotels and related institutions. Their entry age is relatively young, current job profiles are mostly those in the capacity of assistants and the average wage is $1217. Thus, there is a lot of room for improvement with their increasing experience. The study has found that most seafarers on board are satisfied with the work on cruise ships and are more concerned about their career development rather than salary. English communication skills and practical skills are two important aspects of crew training. China's cruise ship labour market thus represents both, a high aggregate demand as well as the lack of high-end experienced talent. Labour market policies and systems in China remain to be improved.

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A comment on W. Wei and M. Hansen’s benefit estimation in “An aggregate demand model for air passenger traffic in the hub-and-spoke network”

Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice ◽

10.1016/j.tra.2008.06.011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 230-234

Author(s):

Michel Beuthe

Keyword(s):

Aggregate Demand ◽

Demand Model ◽

Hub And Spoke ◽

Passenger Traffic ◽

Benefit Estimation

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Stochastic Specification in an Aggregate Demand Model of the United Kingdom

Econometrics: Alchemy or Science? ◽

10.1093/0198293542.003.0003 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 29-48

Author(s):

David F. Hendry

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Demand Model ◽

The United Kingdom

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Financial Development Influence on Economic Growth in Albania

European Journal of Economics and Business Studies ◽

10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p59-65 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Eugen Musta

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Financial Development ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Demand Model ◽

Time Series Regression ◽

Policy Makers

During the 2000s the private banking sector in Albania started to consolidate and the level of lending in the economy started to grow. In the same period the overall economic indicators were showing positive growth too, but that all changed after the financial crisis of 2008. It took a while for its effects to hit the country but when they came the economy started to slowdown and the banks while facing a rise in Non-Performing Loans (NPL) started to cut out lending. The drop on lending is considered a problem by policy makers who see a pattern of causality in the finance – growth nexus based on theoretical works saying that finance development can influence growth. Even though the theory linking economic growth with financial development is not unanimously accepted on academic circles, empirical studies support the fact that a better developed financial system helps to support a sustainable growth. This seems enough to keep policy makers concerned with keeping lending high in the economy. The purpose of this study is to find if there is a pattern of such correlation between lending and growth in the Albanian economy. For the purpose data from the last 21 years have been analyzed through a time series regression where per capita GDP growth rate is the dependable variable and the domestic credit to private sector by banks is undependable variable. For the analyze is based on the aggregate demand model where credit is influencing investments, the influence which government spending may have on output is tested it the regression as an influential factor. The result showed that the explanatory variable coefficient is negative, suggesting that in this case the financial sector growth has a negative effect on growth. We assume this is so because the main channel through which the finance influences growth, which is by allocating capitals towards the most efficient opportunities, is not actually working and this can be seen by the high number of non-performing loans on the banks’ balance sheets.

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Measuring The Sources of Inflation in The Iraqi Economy Using a Model Self-Regression of Slowed Distributed Time-Laps (ARDL) Duration (1970-2018)

Journal of AlMaarif University College ◽

10.51345/.v32i2.343.g229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 383-416

Author(s):

Ali Naba Sayel Al-Subaihi ◽

Nadhem Abid Al-Mihimdy ◽

Ahmed Hussein Battal Al-Ani

Keyword(s):

Money Supply ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Market Exchange ◽

Demand Model ◽

Consumer Spending ◽

Test Methodology ◽

Equilibrium Relationship ◽

Market Exchange Rate ◽

Bound Test

Inflation posed a challenge to the Iraqi economy and its effects on economic activity and growth rates. This study investigates the sources of inflation in the Iraqi economy during the period (1970-2018) within the framework of the aggregate supply and aggregate demand model using the Self-Regression of Slow Distributed Gaps (ARDL) model. The results of the study showed that the inflation rate in Iraq is affected by the following variables: (money supply, parallel market exchange rate, consumer spending, the oil sector’s contribution to GDP and the degree of economic openness) and all are related to an inverse relationship with the rate of inflation except for money supply and consumer spending, as It has a direct relationship with it, and there is a long-term equilibrium relationship (co-integration) between the studied variables according to the Bound Test methodology. Through the value of the error correction vector coefficient (1.35%) of the short-term errors are automatically corrected during the unit time (year) to reach the equilibrium in the long term.

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