scholarly journals Effects of Brood Manipulation Costs on Optimal Sex Allocation in Social Hymenoptera

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. E73-E82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Reuter ◽  
Ken R. Helms ◽  
Laurent Lehmann ◽  
Laurent Keller
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Social Hymenoptera

Facultative Sex Allocation by Workers and the Evolution of Polyandry by Queens in Social Hymenoptera

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus J. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Evolution Of Polyandry

scholarly journals Patterns of split sex ratio in ants have multiple evolutionary causes based on different within-colony conflicts

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Kümmerli ◽  
Laurent Keller
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Kin Structure ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Queen Production

Split sex ratio—a pattern where colonies within a population specialize in either male or queen production—is a widespread phenomenon in ants and other social Hymenoptera. It has often been attributed to variation in colony kin structure, which affects the degree of queen–worker conflict over optimal sex allocation. However, recent findings suggest that split sex ratio is a more diverse phenomenon, which can evolve for multiple reasons. Here, we provide an overview of the main conditions favouring split sex ratio. We show that each split sex-ratio type arises due to a different combination of factors determining colony kin structure, queen or worker control over sex ratio and the type of conflict between colony members.

scholarly journals Sex ratios in bumble bees

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1364) ◽  
pp. 1921-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. G. Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Social Parasites ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Median Proportion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parameter Values

The median proportion of investment in females among 11 populations of seven bumble bee ( Bombus ) species was 0.32 (range 0.07 to 0.64). By contrast, two species of workerless social parasites in the related genus Psithyrus had female–biased sex allocation, the reasons for which remain unclear. Male–biased sex allocation in Bombus contradicts the predictions of Trivers and Hare's sex ratio model for the social Hymenoptera, which are that the population sex investment ratio should be 0.5 (1:1) under queen control and 0.75 (3:1 females:males) under worker control (assuming single, once–mated, outbred queens and non–reproductive workers). Male bias in Bombus does not appear to be either an artefact, or purely the result of symbiotic sex ratio distorters. According to modifications of the Trivers—Hare model, the level of worker male–production in Bombus is insufficient to account for observed levels of male bias. There is also no evidence that male bias arises from either local resource competition (related females compete for resources) or local mate enhancement (related males cooperate in securing mates). Bulmer presented models predicting sexual selection for protandry (males are produced before females) in annual social Hymenoptera and, as a consequence (given some parameter values), male–biased sex allocation. Bumble bees fit the assumptions of Bulmer's models and are protandrous. These models therefore represent the best current explanation for the bees' male–biased sex investment ratios. This conclusion suggests that the relative timing of the production of the sexes strongly influences sex allocation in the social Hymenoptera.

Facultative Sex Allocation Biasing by Workers in Social Hymenoptera

Evolution ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. W. Ratnieks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Social Hymenoptera

FACULTATIVE SEX ALLOCATION BIASING BY WORKERS IN SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA

Evolution ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. W. Ratnieks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Social Hymenoptera

Male biased sex allocation with plant size in gynomonoecious Aster ageratoides

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Ge Xingyue ◽  
Zhu Biru ◽  
Liao Wanjin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Plant Size

Sperm Digestion and Reciprocal Sperm Transfer Can Drive Hermaphrodite Sex Allocation to Equality

1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greeff ◽  
Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Sperm Digestion

scholarly journals Hierarchical Levels of Spatial Structure and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Sex Allocation in Mites and Other Arthropods

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis J. Nagelkerke ◽  
Maurice W. Sabelis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

Evolution, Sex, and Sex Allocation

BioScience ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Policansky
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation

scholarly journals Evolution of habitat-dependent sex allocation in plants: superficially similar to, but intrinsically different from animals

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. GUILLON ◽  
R. JULLIARD ◽  
H. LETURQUE
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation
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