The light front heavy quark effective theory is derived to all orders in 1/mQ. In the limit mQ→∞, the theory exhibits the familiar heavy quark spin-flavor symmetry. This new formalism permits a straightforward canonical quantization to all orders in 1/mQ; moreover, higher order terms have rather simple operator structures. The light front heavy quark effective theory can serve as a useful framework for the study of nonperturbative QCD dynamics of heavy hadron bound states.