Formation of volume discharges in dense gases at pulse repetition rates up to 10 kHz

Abstact It is shown that for the formation of stable volume discharges at pulse repetition frequencies up to 10 kHz and more, it is recommended to use sectioning of the discharge gap with subsequent excitation of discharges in each section from an autonomous pulse generator. The role of an autonomous pulse generator can also be performed by an auxiliary circuit that directs the necessary part of the energy stored in the main energy storage of a pulse generator with only a single switch to an individual discharge gaps. The description and results of the study of one of these variants of a partitioned discharge gap and a pulse generator are given. Pumping energy densities of 100–150 mJ-cm−3 at pulse repetition frequencies up to 8 kHz in CO2 laser mixtures and 80–100 mJ-cm−3 in N2-Ne and Xe–Ne mixtures at pulse repetition frequencies up to 10 kHz were achieved.

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Runaway of electrons in dense gases and mechanism of generation of high-power subnanosecond beams

Open Physics ◽

10.2478/bf02475565 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexey Tkachev ◽

Sergei Yakovlenko

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Critical Voltage ◽

Runaway Electrons ◽

Local Criterion ◽

Fast Electrons ◽

Electron Multiplication ◽

Dense Gases ◽

Non Local ◽

Discharge Gap

AbstractNew understanding of mechanism of the runaway electrons beam generation in gases is presented. It is shown that the Townsend mechanism of the avalanche electron multiplication is valid even for the strong electric fields when the electron ionization friction on gas may be neglected. A non-local criterion for a runaway electron generation is proposed. This criterion results in the universal two-valued dependence of critical voltage U cr on pd for a certain gas (p is a pressure, d is an interelectrode distance). This dependence subdivides a plane (U cr, pd) onto the area of the efficient electron multiplication and the area where the electrons leave the gas gap without multiplication. On the basis of this dependence analogs of Paschen’s curves are constructed, which contain an additional new upper branch. This brunch demarcates the area of discharge and the area of e-beam.The mechanism of the formation of the recently created atomospheric pressure subnanosecond e-beams is discussed. It is shown that the beam of the runaway electrons is formed at an instant when the plasma of the discharge gap approaches to the runaway electrons is formed at an instant when the plasma of the discharge gap approaches to the anode. In this case a basic pulse of the electron beam is formed according to the non-local criterion of the runaway electrons generation.The role of the discharge gap preionization by the fast electrons, emitted from the plasma non-uniformities on the cathode, as well as a propagation of an electron multiplication wave from cathode to anode in a dense gas are considered.

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Regulation of Electricity Storage, Intelligent Grids, and Clean Energies in an Open Market in Mexico

10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

José Juan González Márquez ◽

Margarita González Brambila

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Open Market ◽

Innovative Strategy ◽

Electricity Storage ◽

Storage Technologies

This chapter analyses the role of electricity storage as an innovative strategy to attain the Mexican Government’s goals regarding carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy transition. The survey includes the analysis of the different electricity storage technologies as well as the legal framework governing electricity storage as the fifth link of the energy supply chain from a comparative perspective. The authors discuss whether energy storage is a generation or a distribution/transmission asset. The chapter also analyses Mexico’s experiences in energy storage and briefly describes the way it is regulated in other jurisdictions. Finally, the authors propose the regulation of energy storage as a separate licensed activity.

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