The Detector Control System of the New Small Wheel for the ATLAS experiment

Abstract The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer is going through an extensive Phase I upgrade to cope up with the future LHC runs of high luminosity of up to instantaneous luminosity of 7.5 × 1034cm−2s−1. The luminosity increase drastically impacts the ATLAS trigger and readout data rates. The present ATLAS Small Wheel Muon detector will be replaced with a New Small Wheel (NSW) detector which is expected to be installed in the ATLAS underground cavern by the end of the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC. Due to its complexity and long-term operation, the NSW requires the development of a sophisticated Detector Control System (DCS). The use of such a system is necessary to allow the detector to function consistently and safely as well as to function as a seamless interface to all sub-detectors and the technical infrastructure of the experiment. The central system handles the transition between the probe’s possible operating states while ensuring continuous monitoring and archiving of the system’s operating parameters. Any abnormality in any subsystem of the detector triggers a signal or alert (alarm), which alerts the user and either adapts to automatic processes or allows manual actions to reset the system to function properly.

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The Detector Control System for the magnetic field sensors in New Small Wheel phase I upgrade of ATLAS detector

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2105/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2105 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

Stamatios Tzanos

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Control System ◽

Hadron Collider ◽

Atlas Detector ◽

Magnetic Field Sensors ◽

Atlas Experiment ◽

Data Rates ◽

Level 1 ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Detector Control System

Abstract In conjunction with the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider accelerator at CERN, the ATLAS detector is also undergoing an upgrade to handle the significantly higher data rates. The muon end-cap system upgrade in ATLAS, lies with the replacement of the Small Wheel. The New Small Wheel (NSW) is expected to combine high tracking precision with upgraded information for the Level-1 trigger. To accomplish this, small Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC) and MicroMegas detector technologies are being deployed. Due to their installation location in ATLAS, the effects of Barrel Toroid and End-Cap Toroid magnets on NSW must be measured. For the final experiment at ATLAS, each sTGC large double wedge will be equipped with magnetic field Hall effect sensors to monitor the magnetic field near the NSW. The readout is done with an Embedded Local Monitor Board (ELMB) called MDT DCS Module (MDM). For the integration of this hardware in the experiment, first, a detector control system was developed to test the functionality of all sensors before their installation on the detectors. Subsequently, another detector control system was developed for the commissioning of the sensors. Finally, a detector control system based on the above two is under development for the expert panels of ATLAS experiment. In this paper, the sensor readout, the connectivity mapping and the detector control systems will be presented.

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The investigation of the sludge reduction efficiency and mechanisms in oxic–settling–anaerobic (OSA) process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.076 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 2311-2323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Özlem Demir ◽

Ayşe Filibeli

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Volume Index ◽

Endogenous Respiration ◽

Sludge Reduction ◽

Capillary Suction ◽

Term Operation ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Conventional Activated Sludge ◽

Reduction Mechanisms

This paper aims to provide a full understanding of the sludge reduction mechanisms in the oxic–settling–anaerobic (OSA) process and presents an evaluation of the sludge reduction efficiencies and sludge characteristics in this process compared to the conventional activated sludge process. Fifty-eight percent reduction in observed yield in the OSA process was achieved compared to the control system at the end of the operational period with no deterioration of effluent quality. The settleability of sludge in the OSA process was also found to be better than that of the control system in terms of sludge volume index. In long-term operation, capillary suction time and specific resistance to filtration values confirmed that the OSA process showed good filterability characteristics. The results of batch experiments showed that higher endogenous respiration in the systems might lead to lower sludge production and that energy uncoupling had only a limited impact on sludge reduction.

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