Abstract
Based on the coupled human–environment, and taking the Hegang coal mining area (Heilongjiang Province, China) as a research area, combined with RS and GIS technologies, from the perspectives of environmental exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, the analytic hierarchy process and expert consultation methods were used to establish the evaluation index system and weight. Then the mathematical model of vulnerability assessment was constructed, and the spatial analysis method was used to dynamically identify and evaluate the vulnerability of land use in the study areas in 1994, 2006, 2010, and 2014. The results show that: 1) the vulnerability of land use shows an increasing trend from 1994-2014, and most of the landscape types show a strong dominant vulnerability; 2) the adaptive capacity of land use gradually became unstable under the influence of human–land coupling, and the land-use environment showed the trend of transformation from potential vulnerability to extreme vulnerability under the dual action of sensitivity and exposure; 3) from the type of land use, the vulnerability of coal mine land and unutilized land was relatively prominent. The two landscape types were mostly distributed in severe or extremely vulnerable areas over the past 20 years, indicating a greater degree of interference. The results provide the decision-making basis for the scientific planning and management of the land, and provide guidance for ecological restoration and environmental protection.
Temporal and spatial changes of land use and landscape in a coal mining area in Xilingol grassland