2. The dry crusade

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-63
Author(s):  
W. J. Rorabaugh
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
World War ◽  
Woman's Christian Temperance Union ◽  
Local Option

‘The dry crusade’ describes the increasing number of anti-liquor reformers who wanted state and national prohibition. Key groups were the Women’s Crusade and Woman’s Christian Temperance Union of Ohio and the Anti-Saloon League. Middle-class women dried up dozens of small towns, but when anti-liquor reformers in larger towns led similar movements, they met defiance and resistance. The rise of local option in the 1880s and 1890s meant smaller communities could support a ban even if votes were lacking to prohibit alcohol statewide. Without World War I, it is doubtful that prohibition would ever have passed Congress or been ratified, but enforcement turned out to be far more challenging than the dry forces ever imagined.

scholarly journals Return Migration and the Rise of the Palestinian Nouveaux Riches, 1870–1925

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Norris
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
World War ◽  
Palestinian Society ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Late Ottoman

This article examines the figure of the returning émigré in late Ottoman and early Mandate Palestine. The wave of Palestinians who emigrated in the pre-World War I period did not, for the most part, intend to settle abroad permanently. Hailing largely from small towns and villages in the Palestinian hilly interior, they moved in and out of the Middle East with great regularity and tended to reinvest their money and social capital in their place of origin. The article argues that these emigrants constituted a previously undocumented segment of Palestinian society, the nouveaux riches who challenged the older elites from larger towns and cities in both social and economic terms. The discussion focuses in particular on their creation of new forms of bourgeois culture and the disruptive impact this had on gender and family relations, complicating the assumption that middle-class modernity in Palestine was largely effected by external actors.

Alternate Realms of Authority

2018 ◽  
pp. 214-260
Author(s):  
Sujata S. Mody
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
World War ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 5 examines two landmark Hindi short stories that contested aspects of Dwivedi’s literary agenda. In ‘Dulāīvālī’ (quilt-woman), Banga Mahila used regional and domestic women’s speech in addition to Dwivedi’s preferred standard, Khari Boli prose. Her fictional exploration of the impact of nationalist ideals on middle-class Bengali women in the Hindi-belt further challenged the patriarchal authority with which Dwivedi and other nationalists sought to shape an emergent nation. Chandradhar Sharma ‘Guleri’, in ‘Usne kahā thā’ (she had said), employed regional/ethnic speech that was also gendered, as masculine and vulgar, once again flouting Dwivedi’s preferences for an upright, Khari Boli standard. His story, featuring a Sikh soldier fighting in Europe during World War I, upheld some nationalist ideals, but also defied conventional mores. Both stories underwent extensive editorial revisions, yet there remains a record in their final published versions of their authors’ defiance, and of Dwivedi’s strategic responses to such challenges.

4. Vienna and Berlin

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
David Weir
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Sociocultural Integration

Sociocultural integration occurred first in fin-de-siècle Vienna, where decadence underwent a “bourgeoisification” and where the taste for decadence, no longer limited to aristocrats or elites, found a middle-class audience, even as artists and writers actively sought out that audience rather than working to “shock” it. The sociocultural decadence of Vienna prior to World War I is exceeded after the war only by that of Weimar Berlin, where decadence became, almost, a mass movement, as Berliners of all social strata eagerly participated in forms of social behavior that challenged bourgeois norms and traditions. The rise of the Nazi regime forced a major reconsideration of the meaning of decadence.

World War I, the Great Depression, and the Changing Symbolic Value of Black Food Traditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jensen Wallach
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Food Identity

This chapter demonstrates that the push for voluntary rationing during World War I rendered foods like beef and wheat, which were once of enormous symbolic significance to black food reformers, as unpatriotic. Black food reformers had to choose between performing a U.S. patriotic food identity that demanded conservation and sacrifice and continuing to shun foods like pork and corn that were associated with the plantation South and thus with the history of slavery. Assimilationist eaters generally chose U.S. patriotism, a choice that inevitably muted some of the earlier antagonism that members of the middle class had shown toward the iconic southern foods they associated with the history of slavery. Ultimately, the economic pressures of the Great Depression worked to mute the machinations of even the most ardent food reformers as the community’s emphasis shifted from what to eat to the even more dire problem of having enough to eat.

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