THE NATURAL HISTORY OF INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION OF THE CAUDA EQUINA

Brain ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. BLAU ◽  
VALENTINE LOGUE
2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W Gardner ◽  
Polly S Montgomery ◽  
Lois A Killewich

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bocchino Ferrari ◽  
Nelson Wolosker ◽  
Ruben Aizyn Rosoky ◽  
Giuseppe D'Ippolito ◽  
Angela Maria Borri Wolosker ◽  
...  

PURPOSE: Inspite of the long experience with the treatment of intermittent claudication, little is known about the natural history of stenotic lesions in the iliac segment. With the advent of endovascular treatment, this knowledge has become important. METHODS: Fifty-two stenosis, diagnosed using arteriography, in 38 claudicant patients were analyzed. After a minimum time interval of 6 months, a magnetic resonance angiography was performed to determine whether there was arterial occlusion. The primary factors that could influence the progression of a stenosis were analyzed, such as risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, sex, and age), compliance with clinical treatment, initial degree of stenosis, site of the stenosis, and length of follow-up. RESULTS: The average length of follow-up was 39 months. From the 52 lesions analyzed, 13 (25%) evolved to occlusion. When occlusion occurred, there was clinical deterioration in 63.2% of cases. This association was statistically significant (P = .002). There was no statistically significant association of the progression of the lesion with the degree or site of stenosis, compliance with treatment, or length of follow-up. Patients who evolved to occlusion were younger (P = .02). The logistic regression model showed that the determinant factors for clinical deterioration were arterial occlusion and noncompliance with clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The progression of a stenosis to occlusion, which occurred in 25% of the cases, caused clinical deterioration. Clinical treatment was important, but it did not forestall the arterial occlusion. Prevention of occlusion could be achieved by early endovascular intervention or with the development of drugs that might stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque.


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Matsubara ◽  
Takashi Ohta ◽  
Tsunehisa Sakurai ◽  
Ikuo Yamada

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.


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