Natural Control of the Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae): Impact of Mating Disruption with the Sex Pheromone for Control of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of four lures for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in pome fruits in Italy and the USA. Multi-component blends of sex pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX) were loaded in either a halobutyl elastomer septum or a PVC matrix and always used in combination with acetic acid (AA) loaded in a closed membrane co-lure. Total moth capture was significantly greater with the PVC than the septum lure loaded with PH/PE + AA in both countries. Female capture in the USA study was significantly greater for 8 weeks in traps baited with the PE/DMNT/LOX blend + AA co-lure than with other lures and adding PH to this blend in a PVC lure significantly reduced female capture. In contrast, female capture in Italy did not differ among lures and counts were similar in both apple and pear crops treated with or without mating disruption. These results suggest that the effectiveness of ‘female removal’ strategies to manage codling moth may be geographically limited and further comparisons are needed in other production regions and in walnut.

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Development of 2-phenylethanol plus acetic acid lures to monitor obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under mating disruption

10.1101/093955 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

A. L. Knight ◽

G. J. R. Judd ◽

E. Basoalto ◽

A. M. El-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

Mating Disruption ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽

Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Bisexual Lure ◽

Pheromone Dispensers

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness of 2-phenylethanol (PET) in combination with acetic acid (AA) as a binary lure for monitoring male and female obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Open polypropylene vials, closed membrane cups, and rubber septa loaded with AA and/or PET in varying amounts were first evaluated in a series of trapping experiments. Membrane cups loaded with 800 mg of PET were as effective as 10-mg septa, but longer lasting, and were comparable to the open vials. A membrane cup AA lure was effective in tests, but further work is needed to increase its release rate and extend its activity. Catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and C. rosaceana were unaffected by combining PET with (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of codling moth, pear ester, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl-decadienoate, and AA lures. Adding (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene to this blend to enhance codling moth catch, significantly reduced catches of C. rosaceana. PET+AA was a more attractive binary lure than AA plus phenylacetonitrile (PAN) for C. rosaceana. The addition of PET or PAN to traps already baited with the sex pheromone of C. rosaceana significantly reduced male catches. Traps baited with PET+AA placed in blocks not treated with MD caught significantly fewer C. rosaceana than traps baited with sex pheromone. In comparison, sex pheromone-baited traps in MD blocks caught ≤ 1 male moth per season which was significantly lower than total moth (> 10) or female moth (≥ 3) catch in these blocks with PET+AA. A high proportion (> 70%) of trapped females were mated in both untreated and MD-treated orchards. Further refinement of this binary, bisexual lure using membrane cup technology may allow the establishment of action thresholds and improve management timings for C. rosaceana.

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Control of Codling Moth in Apple and Pear with Sex Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/85.3.918 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 918-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

J. F. Howell ◽

A. L. Knight ◽

T. R. Unruh ◽

D. F. Brown ◽

J. L. Krysan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Mating Disruption ◽

Codling Moth

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Performance characteristics of a commercial controlled-release dispenser of sex pheromone for control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) by mating disruption

Journal of Chemical Ecology ◽

10.1007/bf00984945 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 2177-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. M. McDonough ◽

W. C. Aller ◽

A. L. Knight

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

Mating Disruption ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Performance Characteristics

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EVALUATION OF A NATURAL RUBBER SLEEVE STOPPER AS A CONTROLLED-RELEASE SUBSTRATE FOR USE IN STUDIES OF SEX-PHEROMONE-MEDIATED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent131137-1 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 137-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R.M. Trimble ◽

C.A. Tyndall ◽

B.D. McGarvey

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Mating Disruption ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Rubber Sleeve ◽

Rate Of Evaporation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Linear Decline ◽

Order Polynomial Equation

AbstractNatural rubber sleeve stoppers were impregnated with 10 mg of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl-acetate, the major component of spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), pheromone. In the laboratory, there was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. At 30 and 35 °C, the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation ranged from 0.03 mg/day at 10 °C to 0.08 mg/day at 25 °C; the rate of evaporation at 30 and 35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. There was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to fluctuating temperature regimes with average temperatures of 10 °C (i.e., 5–15 °C) and 20 °C (i.e., 15–25 °C). At a fluctuating regime with an average temperature of 30 °C (i.e., 25–35 °C), the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation was 0.02 and 0.09 mg/day at 5–15 and 15–25 °C, respectively; the estimated daily rate of evaporation at 25–35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. In an orchard, the estimated average rate of evaporation of pheromone from stoppers ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 mg/day and did not vary significantly with temperature. During the first 4 weeks of exposure in an orchard, the observed rate of evaporation was up to 4.4-fold greater than the rate predicted using the relationship between evaporation rate and constant temperatures observed in the laboratory. The potential for using natural rubber sleeve stoppers as controlled-release substrates in studies of sex-pheromone-mediated mating disruption of P. blancardella is discussed.

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