Common Infections in Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Solomon Behar
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Febrile Child ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Febrile illnesses, respiratory complaints, and viral rashes are extremely common presenting symptoms in the pediatric emergency department. Differentiating these common self-limited conditions (e.g., viral upper respiratory illnesses) from more serious potential illness (e.g., pneumonia) is a skill every emergency physician must have. Often, these diagnoses are clinical and do not require extensive testing. Timely recognition of these self-limited illnesses can spare a young child expensive, painful, and time-consuming workups and can promote judicious use of antibiotics in the febrile child. This chapter reviews common infectious illnesses of the pediatric upper airway, an approach to lymphadenopathy, and common viral infectious conditions associated with rashes.

Abstract WMP110: Differentiating Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke From Migraine in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T MacKay ◽  
Adriana Yock-Corrales ◽  
Leonid Churilov ◽  
Geoffrey A Donnan ◽  
Franz E Babl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Triage Category ◽  
Ambulance Transport ◽  
Arterial Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Mimic

Objective: Migraine, a typically benign disorder, is the most common stroke mimic in children presenting with brain attacks. We aimed to identify clinical features which discriminate childhood arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) from migraine. Methods: Fifty-five consecutive children with AIS, presenting to a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED), prospectively/retrospectively recruited from 2003-2010, were compared to 84 children with migraine, prospectively recruited from 2009-2010. Results: Health professional referral, (odds ratio (OR), 5.71, 95% confidence intervals 2.54-12.81), ambulance transport (OR 2.95, 1.45-5.97), high triage category assignment (OR 2.41, 1.06-5.49), sudden onset (OR 2.74, 1.18-6.39), symptoms of focal weakness (OR 6.96, 3.24-14.93), seizures (OR 7.44, 1.99-27.81), speech disturbance (OR 3.06, 1.48-6.32), and ataxia (OR 4.88, 1.63-14.65) were significantly associated with increased odds of AIS diagnosis. Signs of face (OR 155.37, 20.03-1205.33), arm (OR 15.58, 6.41-37.84), or leg weakness (OR 15.40, 5.75-41.27), inability to walk (OR 14.18, 3.07-65.41), dysarthria (OR 47.21, 6.07-367.13), dysphasia (OR 12.76, 1.52-106.97) and altered consciousness (OR 2.45, 1.03-5.85) were also significantly associated with increased odds of AIS diagnosis, In contrast, vomiting (OR 0.23, 0.10-0.53), visual symptoms (OR 0.24, 0.10-0.57), other symptoms (OR 0.06, 0.01-0.48) and absence of neurological signs on ED physician assessment (OR 0.05, 0.01-0.17) were associated with decreased odds of AIS diagnosis. Conclusion: Differing presenting symptoms and signs allow discrimination of childhood AIS from migraine. These findings can inform decisions about urgency and type of diagnostic neuroimaging in the ED for children presenting with brain attack symptoms.

THE CURRENT PREVALENCE OF GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Lawrence F. Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Hospital Pediatric ◽  
Genitourinary Infection

In one 6-month period, nine children, ages 11 months through 14 years, presented with gonococcal infections to the Strong Memorial Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department. These patients included young girls with vaginitis whose mothers had gonorrhea and a 10-year-old boy whose sexual contact was a 9-year-old girl. Gonorrhea in children is increasing and takes the form of conjunctivitis, arthritis, or genitourinary infection. The infection seems to be transmitted most often by contamination in the infant, involuntary sexual contact in the young child, and voluntary sexual contact in the older but not necessarily pubescent child. The physician treating children must be aware of the prevalence and characteristics of this type of infection and should use his influence in a preventive manner as well.

scholarly journals Initial radiographic tracheal ratio in predicting clinical outcomes in croup in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chieh Yang ◽  
Yu-Lung Hsu ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Yi-Chin Peng ◽  
Jun-Nong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Soft Tissue Neck ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Objective Tool

AbstractCroup is the leading infectious disease resulting in pediatric upper airway obstruction. Our purpose is to analyze diverse features of neck radiographs could be seen as an objective tool to predict outcomes in patients with croup. One hundred and ninety-two patients were prospectively recruited in pediatric emergency department with diagnosis of croup. The initial Westley score (WS), presence of steeple sign, extent of narrowing, and narrowing ratio on soft tissue neck radiographs were determined before and after treatments. The extent of frontal narrowing, extent of lateral narrowing, frontal ratio (FR), and lateral ratio (LR) were investigated to predict clinical outcomes in patients with croup. The extent of frontal/lateral narrowing and LR had significant correlation with outpatient status. Almost 71% of patients with FR values below 0.23 stayed in the hospital longer, whereas nearly 98% of patients with FR vales above 0.65 could be discharged. About 85% of patients with LR below 0.45 hospitalized longer. The LR and FR were significantly correlated with the severity and admission rate in croup. The LR > 0.6 and FR > 0.65 may indicate low risk in patients with croup, whereas the FR < 0.23 or LR < 0.45 may indicate the need of stay in hospital for further treatment and monitor.

Assessing Somatization and Psychosocial Impairment in the Pediatric Emergency Department

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorash Montano ◽  
Neda Safvati ◽  
Angela Li ◽  
Ilene Claudius ◽  
Jeffrey I. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment

Variation in Test Ordering for Low Acuity Patients By Pediatric Emergency Department Providers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 276A-276A
Author(s):  
Kaynan Doctor ◽  
Kristen Breslin ◽  
Melissa M. Tavarez ◽  
Deena Berkowitz ◽  
James M. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Test Ordering
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