Ocular motor disorders

This chapter discusses motor disorders of the eye. The first part of the chapter describes the proper examination of eye movements to facilitate identification of ocular motor disorder pathology. The effects of nerve palsies on ocular motor function are then described.Eye movement disorders can also have their cause in the central nervous system; both the brainstem, and cerebellum have been implicated as causal factors in some eye movement disorders. Disorders of the pupil, which affect the pupillary light reflex, can be caused by lesions to central, afferent and efferent pupillary pathways as well as sympathetic pathways lesions.Finally, this chapter describes diseases of the eye orbits, including dysthyroid eye disease, idiopathic orbital inflammation, orbital tumours, vascular disorders and orbital infections.