Faculty Opinions recommendation of Pharmacotherapy of vestibular and ocular motor disorders, including nystagmus.

This chapter discusses motor disorders of the eye. The first part of the chapter describes the proper examination of eye movements to facilitate identification of ocular motor disorder pathology. The effects of nerve palsies on ocular motor function are then described.Eye movement disorders can also have their cause in the central nervous system; both the brainstem, and cerebellum have been implicated as causal factors in some eye movement disorders. Disorders of the pupil, which affect the pupillary light reflex, can be caused by lesions to central, afferent and efferent pupillary pathways as well as sympathetic pathways lesions.Finally, this chapter describes diseases of the eye orbits, including dysthyroid eye disease, idiopathic orbital inflammation, orbital tumours, vascular disorders and orbital infections.

Download Full-text

Bedside Tested Ocular Motor Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple Sclerosis International ◽

10.1155/2014/732329 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Servillo ◽

D. Renard ◽

G. Taieb ◽

P. Labauge ◽

S. Bastide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽

Motor Disorders ◽

Ocular Motor ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Ocular Motor Disorders ◽

Definition Of ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background/Aims. Ocular motor disorders (OMDs) are a common feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical practice, if not reported by patients, OMDs are often underdiagnosed and their prevalence is underestimated.Methods. We studied 163 patients (125 women, 76.7%, 38 men, 23.3%; median age 45.0 years; median disease duration 10 years; median EDSS 3.5) with definite MS (n=150, 92%) or clinically isolated syndrome (n=13, 8%) who underwent a thorough clinical examination of eye movements. Data on localization of previous relapses, MS subtype, and MRI findings were collected and analyzed.Results. Overall, 111/163 (68.1%) patients showed at least one abnormality of eye movement. Most frequent OMDs were impaired smooth pursuit (42.3%), saccadic dysmetria (41.7%), unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (14.7%), slowing of saccades (14.7%), skew deviation (13.5%), and gaze evoked nystagmus (13.5%). Patients with OMDs had more severe disability(P=0.0005)and showed more frequently infratentorial MRI lesions(P=0.004). Localization of previous relapses was not associated with presence of OMDs.Conclusion. OMDs are frequent in patients with stable (no relapses) MS. A precise bedside examination of eye motility can disclose abnormalities that imply the presence of subclinical MS lesions and may have a substantial impact on definition of the diagnosis and on management of MS patients.

Download Full-text