Mitral valve stenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Ferande Peters ◽  
Eric Brochet
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis ◽  
Valvular Lesion ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Morphological Assessment

Mitral stenosis is an important valvular lesion that when encountered both in the developing world and the developed world requires accurate assessment. The mitral valve area is the key parameter that should be used to assess severity. Morphological assessment of the entire valve apparatus is required to identify rheumatic versus non-rheumatic aetiology as well the subgroup of patients who may benefit from percutaneous mitral commisurotomy. Three-dimensional transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography provide additive qualitative and quantitative data to the aforementioned key imaging requirements. Tomographic imaging (CT/MRI) are mainly utilized when echocardiography is not feasible. Imaging techniques are vital to aid diagnosis and explore therapeutic options in degenerative mitral stenosis but require further refinement with regard to accuracy of diagnosis and selection of optimal quantitative techniques.

scholarly journals The assessment of mitral valve disease: a guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Robinson ◽  
Liam Ring ◽  
Daniel X Augustine ◽  
Sushma Rekhraj ◽  
David Oxborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
British Society ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment

Mitral valve disease is common. Mitral regurgitation is the second most frequent indication for valve surgery in Europe and despite the decline of rheumatic fever in western societies, mitral stenosis of any aetiology is a regular finding in all echo departments. Mitral valve disease is therefore one of the most common pathologies encountered by echocardiographers, as both a primary indication for echocardiography and a secondary finding when investigating other cardiovascular disease processes. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) play a crucial role in the assessment of mitral valve disease and are essential to identifying the aetiology, mechanism and severity of disease and for helping determine the appropriate timing and method of intervention. This guideline, from the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE), describes the assessment of mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis and replaces previous BSE guidelines describing the echocardiographic assessment of mitral anatomy prior to mitral valve repair surgery and percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. It provides a comprehensive description of the imaging techniques (and their limitations) employed in the assessment of mitral valve disease. It describes a step-wise approach to identifying: aetiology and mechanism, disease severity, reparability and secondary effects on chamber geometry, function and pressures. Advanced echocardiographic techniques are described for both transthoracic and transoesophageal modalities, including TOE and exercise testing.

Two-dimensional-Wilkins and real-time transesophageal three-dimensional scoring systems: Which one is preferred to mitral valve morphological assessment?

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232110304
Author(s):  
Mehrnoush Toufan ◽  
Zahra Jabbary ◽  
Naser Khezerlou aghdam
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mitral Valve Area ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Morphological Assessment ◽  
Valve Area

Background To quantify valvular morphological assessment, some two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scoring systems have been developed to target the patients for balloon mitral valvuloplasty; however, each scoring system has some potential limitations. To achieve the best scoring system with the most features and the least restrictions, it is necessary to check the degree of overlap of these systems. Also the factors related to the accuracy of these systems should be studied. We aimed to determine the correlation between the 2D Wilkins and real-time transesophageal three-dimensional (RT3D-TEE) scoring systems. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 156 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis who were candidates for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. To morphologic assessment of mitral valve, patients were examined by 2D-transthoracic echocardiography and RT3D-TEE techniques on the same day. Results A strong association was found between total Wilkins and total RT3D-TEE scores (r = 0.809, p < 0.001). The mean mitral valve area assessed by the 2D and 3D was 1.07 ± 0.25 and 1.03 ± 0.26, respectively, indicating a mean difference of 0.037 cm2 (p = 0.001). We found a strong correlation between the values of mitral valve area assessed by 2D and 3D techniques (r = 0.846, p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a high correlation between the two scoring systems in terms of evaluating dominant morphological features. Partially, mitral valve area overestimation in the 2D-transthoracic echocardiography and its inability to assess commissural involvement as well as its dependence on patient age were exceptions in this study.

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Rheumatic Mitral Valve Stenosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Essandoh
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supplemental Digital Content ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment

Abstract Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Quantification of mitral valve stenosis by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iri Kupferwasser ◽  
Susanne Mohr-Kahaly ◽  
Thomas Menzel ◽  
Martin Spiecker ◽  
Guido Dohmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis

scholarly journals Current Devices and Complications Related to Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: The Bumpy Road to the Top

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraj Kargoli ◽  
Matteo Pagnesi ◽  
Kusha Rahgozar ◽  
Ythan Goldberg ◽  
Edwin Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Procedural Complications ◽  
Valvular Lesion ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Early Developmental

Mitral regurgitation is the most common valvular lesion in the developed world, with increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. The experience with surgical mitral valve repair or replacement is very well-validated. However, more than 45% of these patients get denied surgery due to an elevated risk profile and advanced disease of the left ventricle at the time of presentation, promoting the need for less invasive transcatheter options such as transcatheter repair and transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Early available TMVR studies have shown promising results, and several dedicated devices are under clinical evaluation. However, TMVR is still in the early developmental stages and is associated with a non-negligible risk of periprocedural and post-procedural complications. In this review, we discuss the current challenges facing TMVR and the potential TMVR-related complications, offering an overview on the measures implemented to mitigate these complications, and future implications.

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