Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Author(s):  
Yuli Y. Kim ◽  
Michael J. Landzberg ◽  
Anne Marie Valente

Historically, individuals with complex congenital heart disease rarely lived past childhood. Due to tremendous advances in diagnosis and treatment, now 85–90% of children born with congenital heart disease will survive into adulthood. Estimates suggest that over 1 million adults with congenital heart disease currently live in the United States. The number of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is growing by approximately 5% each year. The majority of these patients do not appear to be followed by ACHD specialists. Therefore, it is essential that all physicians familiarize themselves with the unique clinical presentations of these patients, including the anatomy, physiology, and natural history in order to facilitate proper management and referral.

Author(s):  
John Jairo Araujo ◽  
John Jairo Araujo

Congenital heart disease (CHD) in America has a global prevalence of 8-13 cases per 1,000 live births, with close to 45% being of medium and high complexity. Mortality continues to be high in Latin America and the Caribbean, with wide disparities in care, compared to North American countries. Fifty years ago, only 15% of children with CHD survived to age 18. Today, survival is greater than 90% in most countries worldwide. Currently, there are 2.2 million adults with congenital heart disease in the United States, with more than 1.8 million in South America. According to the Adult Congenital Heart Association, fewer than 10% of adults with congenital heart disease are estimated to be under specialized care, and more than 200 regional centers would be needed in the United States to meet the needs of this rapidly growing population. However, there are only 35 accredited programs in a total of 23 states. The scenario for Latin America and the Caribbean is bleaker and more distant, needing at least 249 programs, but lacking a formal census of centers and having few cardiologists who are experts in adult congenital heart disease. At the same time, there are insufficient paediatric cardiovascular centers. Thus, these countries have a double problem (children and adults with congenital heart disease, at the same time). In 2018, the Inter-American Society of Cardiology´s Inter-American Congenital Heart Disease Council was founded, which is working on various inter-American projects seeking to improve health care for adults with congenital heart disease.


Author(s):  
Melodie M. Lynn ◽  
Keila N. Lopez ◽  
Shaine A. Morris ◽  
Jason L. Salemi ◽  
S. Kristen Sexson Tejtel

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Susan M. Fernandes ◽  
Ariane Marelli ◽  
Danielle M. Hile ◽  
Curt J. Daniels

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