Crime Control Policy

Criminology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Blomberg ◽  
Julie Brancale
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Control System ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Crime Control Policy ◽  
Control Knowledge

The literature on crime control policy has developed from several areas of study. Included among these areas are general descriptive studies of the operations of the crime control system (police, courts, and corrections), studies of the causes of criminal behavior in relation to the rehabilitation of offenders, critical inquiry into crime control policies and practices, historical studies of crime control, studies of crime control reforms, studies of get-tough crime control policies, and studies aimed at linking crime control knowledge to public policy. A theme emerging from this literature has been a recognition of the patterned capacity of various crime control policies and reforms to have unintended consequences.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Transfer of Control Policies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Cunningham ◽  
Simon W. Miller ◽  
Michael A. Yukish ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Conrad S. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Parallel Learning ◽  
Rotor Design ◽  
Control Knowledge

Abstract We present a form-aware reinforcement learning (RL) method to extend control knowledge from one design form to another, without losing the ability to control the original design. A major challenge in developing control knowledge is the creation of generalized control policies across designs of varying form. Our presented RL policy is form-aware because in addition to receiving dynamic state information about the environment, it also receives states that encode information about the form of the design that is being controlled. In this paper, we investigate the impact of this mixed state space on transfer learning. We present a transfer learning method for extending a control policy to a different design form, while continuing to expose the agent to the original design during the training of the new design. To demonstrate this concept, we present a case study of a multi-rotor aircraft simulation, wherein the designated task is to achieve a stable hover. We show that by introducing form states, an RL agent is able to learn a control policy to achieve the hovering task with both a four rotor and three rotor design at once, whereas without the form states it can only hover with the four rotor design. We also benchmark our method against a test case that removes the transfer learning component, as well as a test case that removes the continued exposure to the original design to show the value of each of these components. We find that form states, transfer learning, and parallel learning all contribute to a more robust control policy for the new design, and that parallel learning is especially important for maintaining control knowledge of the original design.

Ideology and crime control policy positions in a state legislature

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Flanagan ◽  
Edmund F. McGarrell ◽  
Alan J. Lizotte
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Crime Control Policy

Harm: a Neglected Concept in Criminology, a Necessary Benchmark for Crime-Control Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Paoli ◽  
Victoria A. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Criminal Victimization ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
Identification Evaluation ◽  
Crime Control Policy ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
Related Harm

Despite the centrality of harm to crime and criminalization and increasing interest in harm as a basis for crime-control policy, there has been little systematic reflection within criminology on criminal harms or their identification, evaluation, and comparison. In this paper, we review the literature on the harms of crime and related concepts, i.e., the perceived seriousness and cost of crime, impact of criminal victimization, and drug-related harm. Each of these related bodies of work suggests either a reason, by way of inadequacy, or a means, by way of insight or analytical method, to advance a harm-based approach. We then identify substantial challenges in assessing the harms of crime and conclude that, despite these challenges, a systematic empirically-based assessment of the harms of criminal activities can serve important roles in policy analysis.

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