Quantum Statistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-326
Author(s):  
Daniel V. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensation ◽  
Dense Gases ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Quantum Behavior ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Positron Production

This chapter begins by extending the Boltzmann distribution to the case of a system that exchanges particles with its environment. This idea finds direct applications ranging from hemoglobin adsorption to ionization of atoms in stars. But the main applications are to dense “gases” in which the quantum behavior of identical particles comes into play. Examples include conduction electrons in metals and semiconductors; white dwarf and neutron stars; photon gases and thermal radiation from incandescent objects; neutrino and electron-positron production in the early universe; quasiparticles associated with vibrations and magnetic excitations in solids; and Bose-Einstein condensation of ultracold clouds of atoms.

scholarly journals Ferromagnetic properties of charged vector bosons condensate in the early universe

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S274) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Gabriella Piccinelli
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Ferromagnetic State ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
Ferromagnetic Properties ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensation ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
Primordial Magnetic Fields ◽  
Bose Einstein

AbstractBose-Einstein condensation in the early universe is considered. The magnetic properties of a condensate of charged vector bosons are studied, showing that a ferromagnetic state is formed. As a consequence, the primeval plasma may be spontaneously magnetized inside macroscopically large domains and primordial magnetic fields can be generated.

scholarly journals A gamma ray laser based on induced annihilation of electron-positron pairs

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loeb ◽  
S. Eliezer
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensation ◽  
White Dwarf Stars ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Coherent Amplification

In this paper we propose the coherent amplification of gamma radiation of a system of parapositronium atoms. The nonlinear optics of positronium media is suggested. The induced annihilation transitions for the electron-positron plasma are compared with those of the positronium medium. It is suggested in this paper that the Bose–Einstein condensation could play a crucial role in the estimation of the induced annihilation of electron-positron pairs for dense (n ≳ 1016cm−3) and cold (T ≲ 104 °K) positronium systems. The calculated effects of the induced positron-electron decays might be observed in astrophysical objects such as pulsars, white dwarf stars etc. Furthermore, these transitions might play an important role in Klein–Alfven cosmology. Finally, with the further advancement of the positron technology, a gamma ray laser may be constructed.

Systems with Condensates and Pairing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Morawetz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Pair Breaking ◽  
Systematic Theory ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensation ◽  
T Matrix ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bose Einstein

The Bose–Einstein condensation and appearance of superfluidity and superconductivity are introduced from basic phenomena. A systematic theory based on the asymmetric expansion of chapter 11 is shown to correct the T-matrix from unphysical multiple-scattering events. The resulting generalised Soven scheme provides the Beliaev equations for Boson’s and the Nambu–Gorkov equations for fermions without the usage of anomalous and non-conserving propagators. This systematic theory allows calculating the fluctuations above and below the critical parameters. Gap equations and Bogoliubov–DeGennes equations are derived from this theory. Interacting Bose systems with finite temperatures are discussed with successively better approximations ranging from Bogoliubov and Popov up to corrected T-matrices. For superconductivity, the asymmetric theory leading to the corrected T-matrix allows for establishing the stability of the condensate and decides correctly about the pair-breaking mechanisms in contrast to conventional approaches. The relation between the correlated density from nonlocal kinetic theory and the density of Cooper pairs is shown.

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