The Will

Author(s):  
Mattia Riccardi

This chapter shows that Nietzsche’s model of the will is largely indebted to that worked out by the late 19th-century French psychologist Théodule Ribot. Both Nietzsche and Ribot see the will as resulting from the hierarchical coordination of affective states and behavioural inclinations. The chapter also includes a detailed interpretation of aphorism 19 of Beyond Good and Evil (where Nietzsche puts forward his most detailed analysis of volition) and of other late passages, arguing that he sees the act of willing as determined by command-obedience relations among the drives and that he views volitional phenomenology as a partially illusory accompanying phenomenon.

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kasner

Mačiulis, D., & Staliūnas, D., Vilnius – Lietuvos sostinė: problema tautinės valstybės projekte (XIX a. pabaiga – 1940 m.) [Vilnius – The capital of Lithuania: A problem in the project of the national state (late 19th century – 1940)], Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2015. Santrauka angl. – Bibliogr., s. 297–315, ir išnašose. – Asmenvardžių rodyklė: s. 319–322. Tiražas: 400 egz. ISBN 978-9955-847-97-7This paper is a review of the latest research work of two Lithuanian historians, Dangiras Mačiulis and Darius Staliūnas (Lithuanian Institute of History, Vilnius), entitled “Vilnius - the capital of Lithuania: A problem in the project of the national state (late 19th century – 1940)”. The authors in their work analyse the emergence, evolution and implementation of the idea of Vilnius as the capital of modern Lithuanian state at the turn of the 20th century until 1940. The monograph is based on valuable material from the archives, bibliographic sources and interesting iconography. With particular regard to the Lithuanian national project, describing and explaining the strategies of the symbolic appropriation of Vilnius and the question of Vilnius’ Lithuanisation, Mačiulis and Staliūnas first of all focus on the Lithuanian case in as much detail as possible. Here in the reviewed work we do not find such detailed analysis of Polish, Jewish, Belarusian or Russian attitudes towards the Vilnius question. Of course this does not detract from the importance of this inspiring book which is as a valuable academic publication and useful source for further research. Mačiulis, D., & Staliūnas, D., Vilnius – Lietuvos sostinė: problema tautinės valstybės projekte (XIX a. pabaiga – 1940 m.), Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2015. Santrauka angl. – Bibliogr., s. 297–315, ir išnašose. – Asmenvardžių rodyklė: s. 319–322. Tiražas: 400 egz. ISBN 978-9955-847-97-7Poniższy artykuł jest recenzją najnowszej pracy autorstwa litewskich historyków z Instytutu Historii Litwy (Wilno): Dangirasa Mačiulisa i Dariusa Staliūnasa. Autorzy poddają w niej wnikliwej analizie ideę Wilna jako stolicy litewskiego państwa narodowego: jej narodziny, rozwój i masowe upowszechnienie w okresie od końca XIX w. do roku 1940. W monografii wykorzystano bogate materiały archiwalne, źródła bibliograficzne oraz interesującą ikonografię. D. Mačiulis i D. Staliūnas skoncentrowali się na jak najdokładniejszym opisie projektu litewskiego państwa narodowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwestii symbolicznego zawłaszczenia Wilna oraz procesu jego lituanizacji. Właśnie z tego powodu nie znajdziemy w omawianej pracy równie szczegółowej analizy stanowiska polskiego, żydowskiego, białoruskiego czy rosyjskiego. Oczywiście nie umniejsza to wartości tej interesującej i inspirującej książki, która jest cenną publikacją akademicką oraz użytecznym źródłem do prowadzenia dalszych badań naukowych.


2019 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Samarina ◽  

The article analyzes the theory of pandynamism, which arose in the phenomenology of religion, the origins of which date back to the category of Power proposed in the 19th century by the English anthropologist and religious scholar Robert Marett. A detailed analysis of phenomenological description of religion through the theory of pandynamism which was invented by Gerardus van der Leeuw is given. Author analyses the most important, according to van der Leeuw, category of any religion Power. This category described as an extra - moral category, the key characteristic of Power is otherness, it is claimed that the element of otherness defines the course of religious life in variety of manifestations, and transformation of Power generates all variety of beliefs. The article examines the teachings of van der Leeuw on the subject of religion (religious person). The article examines three central categories of religion: the Power, the Will and the Form, the combination of which arises the diversity of existing types of religions (religions of escape, struggle, peace, anxiety, infinity, compassion, stress, obedience, greatness, humility, love). In conclusion, the article discusses electrical metaphor which is commonly used in anthropology of the 19th - first half of the 20th century in its application to the science of religion.


2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S278) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Manuel Arturo Izquierdo

AbstractThe aim of this work is to review and expand upon the model proposed by Father José Domingo Duquesne de la Madrid (1745–1821) regarding the calendar of the pre-Columbian Muisca culture of central Colombia. This model was dismissed by scholars in the late 19th century when it was called just a simple invention of a clergyman; however, a detailed analysis shows that his interpretation of the calendar was based on genuine ethnographic information. According to Duquesne, this calendar was based on a series of moons whose multiples are 5, 20 and 37. These multiples generate time series that can be comparable to our years (37 moons), centuries (740 moons, or 59.8 years) and millennia (14800 moons or 1196 years). According to the information provided, these long time spans can be tracked up to a period of 74000 moons (5978 years). The work of Duquesne provides us some clues about the state of timekeeping traditions in pre-Columbian societies of the Intermediate Area.


DIYÂR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-328
Author(s):  
Sebastian Willert

In the late 19th century, the German Empire intensified its economic, military, and cultural activities on Ottoman territory. Within the field of archaeology, the Royal Museums in Berlin endeavoured to demonstrate their hegemony. Thus, they focused particularly on the acquisition of ancient objects from the Ottoman territory. The Ottoman authorities’ responses differed between political and cultural actors: While Sultan Abdülhamid II used Hellenistic and Byzantine antiquities as diplomatic gifts to improve his foreign relations to Berlin, the Müze-i Hümayun (Imperial Museum) appeared as an antagonist to foreign claims in the Ottoman Empire. Its directors, Osman Hamdi and Halil Edhem, aimed to rectify the discrepancy between political concerns and the will to preserve antiquities within the Ottoman realm. However, German archaeologists, museum representatives and diplomats strived to benefit from this discrepancy to obtain cultural objects for Berlin. The article argues that Prussia’s strategies of appropriating ancient objects for the Royal Museums correlated and entangled with the valorisation of antiquities in Istanbul.


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