scholarly journals Are Perceptual Reasons the Objects of Perception?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Belief ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Epistemology Of Perception

This paper begins with a Davidsonian puzzle in the epistemology of perception and introduces two solutions to that puzzle: the Truth-Maker View (TMV) and the Content Model. The paper goes on to elaborate TMV, elements of which can be found in the work of Kalderon (2011) and Brewer (2011). The central tenant of TMV is the claim that one’s reason for one’s perceptual belief should, in all cases, be identified with some item one perceives which makes the proposition believed true. I defend an argument against TMV which appeals to (a) the claim that the reason for which one believes should always to be identified with the explanans of the rationalizing explanation to which one’s belief is subject and (b) the claim that the explanantia of rationalizing explanations must be identified with truths. I finish by replying to two objections to the argument.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

Stereotypes of Social Groups in Germany in Terms of Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Asbrock
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
German Student ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Relevant Social Groups

The stereotype content model says that warmth and competence are fundamental dimensions of social judgment. This brief report analyzes the cultural stereotypes of relevant social groups in a German student sample (N = 82). In support of the model, stereotypes of 29 societal groups led to five stable clusters of differing warmth and competence evaluations. As expected, clusters cover all four possible combinations of warmth and competence. The study also reports unique findings for the German context, for example, similarities between the perceptions of Turks and other foreigners. Moreover, it points to different stereotypes of lesbians and gay men.

Brightness In The Photopic Range: Psychophysical Modelling With Blue-sensitive Retinal Signals

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Peter Bodrogi ◽  
Xue Guo ◽  
Tran Quoc Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Brightness Perception ◽  
Content Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cone Signal

The brightness perception of a large (41°) uniform visual field was investigated in a visual psychophysical experiment. Subjects assessed the brightness of 20 light source spectra of different chromaticities at two luminance levels, Lv=267.6 cd/m2 and Lv=24.8 cd/m2. The resulting mean subjective brightness scale values were modelled by a combination of the signals of retinal mechanisms: S-cones, rods, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and the difference of the L-cone signal and the M-cone signal. A new quantity, “relative spectral blue content”, was also considered for modelling. This quantity was defined as “the spectral radiance of the light stimulus integrated with the range (380–520) nm, relative to luminance”. The “relative spectral blue content” model could describe the subjective brightness perception of the observers with reasonable accuracy.

Attention and Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Penetration ◽  
Epistemic Principle ◽  
Epistemology Of Perception

The recognition that attention performs two roles enables one to argue that the epistemology of attention is such that attention provides an immediate improvement to justification, as long as there are no defeaters, and also that suitably expert attention is sufficient for knowledge. Attentional justification is an underived epistemic principle, related to a view known as ‘Dogmatism’ in the epistemology of perception. There is cognitive penetration of attention by beliefs and interests, as well as by past actions, but it is restricted in scope. So attention improves justification, and sometimes, when attention is trained or cultivated, the improvement is such as to deliver knowledge.

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