ISDS in Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-149
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Perrone
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Santa Elena

The legal imagination framing ISDS practice is closely related to how arbitrators connect storytelling with the interpretation of investment treaties and other relevant laws. This chapter examines several influential awards, placing the facts of each dispute within the broader social and political context of the investment, the conflict, and the economic sector. The analysis highlights how arbitrators think of foreign investment relations, and the extent to which they focus on, or silence, issues of distribution, recognition, and embeddedness. The cases are discussed chronologically in order to identify what has changed—and what has not—in arbitrators’ reasoning. Cases covered in this chapter include Santa Elena v. Costa Rica, Metalclad v. Mexico, TecMed v. Mexico, SD Myers v. Canada, Methanex v. USA, Glamis v. USA, Chemtura v. Canada, Occidental v. Ecuador 2, Philip Morris v. Uruguay, and Eli Lilly v. Canada.

Aspectos hidrográficos de la Bahía de Santa Elena en el Pacífico norte de Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Tisseaux Navarro ◽  
Mauro Vargas Hernández ◽  
Daniel Ballestero Sakson ◽  
Juan Pablo Salazar Ceciliano ◽  
Sergio Cambronero Solano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Santa Elena

El Área Marina de Manejo de bahía Santa Elena (BSE) es un sitio importante para las comunidades cercanas debido a su potencial turístico y pesquero. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender algunos aspectos de la hidrografía de BSE. Se establecieron dos transectos transversales al canal principal de la bahía Santa Elena para la medición de corrientes, temperatura, concentración clorofila, oxígeno disuelto, salinidad y turbidez; además, se realizó un levantamiento batimétrico del área. El movimiento del agua en BSE está influenciadas por la batimetría; y las variaciones en las condiciones meteorológicas pueden provocar cambios en las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del cuerpo de agua. Comprender estos aspectos puede ser de gran ayuda para realizar un mejor uso de la BSE y de esta forma aprovechar de manera sostenible los recursos que ofrece.

MELT-ROCK REACTION IN PERIDOTITES FROM THE SANTA ELENA OPHIOLITE, NW COSTA RICA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danelle Carr ◽  
◽  
Matthew Loocke ◽  
Jonathan E. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Santa Elena

China's International Investment Strategy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Investment Treaties

The phenomenal story of China’s ‘unprecedented disposition to engage the international legal order’ has been primarily told and examined by political scientists and economists. Since China adopted its ‘open door’ policy in 1978, which altered its development strategy from self-sufficiency to active participation in the world market and aimed at attracting foreign investment to fuel its economic development, the underlying policy for mobilizing inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) remains unchanged to date. With the 1997 launch of the ‘Going Global’ policy, an outward focus regarding foreign investment has been added, to circumvent trade barriers and improve the competitiveness of Chinese firms, typically its state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In order to accommodate inward and outward FDI, China’s participation in the international investment regime has underpinned its efforts to join multi-lateral investment-related legal instruments and conclude international investment agreements (IIAs). China began by selectively concluding bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with developed countries (major capital exporting states to China at that time), signing its first BIT with Sweden in 1982. Despite being a latecomer, over time China’s experience and practice with the international investment regime have allowed it to evolve towards liberalizing its IIAs regime and balancing the duties and benefits associated with IIAs. The book spans a broad spectrum of China’s contemporary international investment law and policy: domestic foreign investment law and reforms, tax policy, bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, G20 initiatives, the ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative, international dispute resolution, and inter-regime coordination.

scholarly journals Ethiopia’s Bilateral Investment Treaties and Environmental Protection; The Need of Re-Negotiation for Corporate Responsibility

Global Jurist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalew Abate
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Investment Treaties

Abstract This article argues that the bulk of the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that Ethiopia has ever concluded, to regulate its bilateral foreign investment relations, don’t contain an environmental provision that require investing corporations to discharge responsibility towards environment and there is a pressing call for either to re-negotiate, update or engage in concluding of environmental side agreements (ESA). To substantiate the argument the trends of BIT making is assessed, the status of Ethiopian BITs have been evaluated through content analysis, environmental responsibility of Ethiopia has been examined both from domestic and international perspective, relevant reasons for the regulation of environment in foreign investment through BIT have been discussed and justifications for the need to renegotiate, update or make ESA in Ethiopia have been highlighted.

scholarly journals Propuesta de diseño de una microred en la comunidad de Santa Elena, Pérez Zeledón, basada en Whites Lane Smart Micro Grid

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bonilla-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
La Red ◽  
Santa Elena

El siguiente artículo propone el diseño de una microred inteligente para la comunidad de Santa Elena, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica, con base en Whites Lanes Micro Grid. La propuesta consiste de diez clientes (familias campesinas), cuyas casas de habitación están dotadas con una capacidad fotovoltaica de 2 kW y un medidor inteligente para monitorear el consumo, de acuerdo a una promoción de conciencia sobre el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. La energía eléctrica generada por los paneles, luego de pasar por un microinversor, ingresará a un equipo llamado transverter que administra el flujo de energía entre diferentes posibles fuentes de generación, como son las baterías, los consumidores y la red eléctrica externa. Además, se instalará un sistema de almacenamiento de energía con baterías, para operar de manera autónoma en la noche y en momentos en que la demanda sea mayor que la producción fotovoltaica. También, se conectará a la microred una estación de carga de vehículos eléctricos abastecida por veinticuatro paneles solares, para promover el uso de este tipo de medio de transporte y de este tipo de infraestructuras en la comunidad y en el país.

Givings and ISDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-171
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Perrone
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Host Country ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Solar Energy Industry ◽  
Investment Treaties

Foreign investment is associated with efficiency, economic growth, and jobs. Investors emphasize the benefits of potential projects, but also ask for regulatory givings to ensure economic returns and to minimize their exposure to host-country risks. At times, international organizations have likewise highlighted both the benefits of foreign investment and the importance of incentives to attract new projects. If states were to implement these business-friendly regulations, investors might then come in, but many would count on investment treaties and ISDS to interpret and enforce sectoral regulation, representations, or specific commitments. Disputes related to the 2001 Argentine crisis and the Spanish solar energy industry show that in such circumstances, when a controversy leads to ISDS cases, arbitrators often put foreign investment relations within a transactional model, making regulatory reforms more difficult if projects fail, local expectations are disappointed, or circumstances drastically change.

scholarly journals The Unworkability of “Balanced Treaties” and the Importance of Diversity of Approach Among the BRICS

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sornarajah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Newly Industrializing Countries ◽  
Global North ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
The Third World

There is much rethinking being done about investment treaties. While some level of uniformity existed when there was institutional direction by the World Bank and hegemonic pressure exerted by states in the Global North, geopolitical power is now shifting in ways that are producing greater diversity in approaches to the field. The evidence seems to indicate that each state that is of sufficient size or power will seek to fashion its foreign investment policy in the context of its own circumstances. This is certainly true for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the BRICS). Within this group of newly industrializing countries, it is clear that a uniform approach to investment treaties will not emerge, despite avowals to the contrary. In this essay, I offer an assessment of the divergent paths some of these states have taken. I contend that China has emerged as a newly hegemonic actor in international investment in a way that undermines its traditional role as champion for the Third World, and that India's recent attempt to develop a “balanced approach” to investment treaties is unworkable. Only South Africa has developed an approach that seeks to protect its government's ability to serve the goals of its people by subjecting foreign investment disputes to South African law and courts.

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