Probability in Epistemology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kotzen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Principal Principle ◽  
Crispin Wright ◽  
Transmission Failure ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
De Se ◽  
Evidential Probability ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

In recent years, probabilistic approaches to epistemological questions have become increasingly influential. This chapter surveys a number of the most significant ways in which probability is relevant to contemporary epistemology. Topics surveyed include: the debate surrounding the connection between full and partial beliefs; synchronic rational constraints on credences including probabilism, regularity, reflection, and the principal principle; diachronic rational constraints on credences including conditionalization and de se updating; the application of the requirement of total evidence; evidential probability, focusing on the theories of Henry Kyburg and Timothy Williamson; sharp and fuzzy credences; likelihood arguments, including the fine-tuning argument for Design; dogmatism and its critics; and transmission failure, focusing on the work of Crispin Wright.

Notebook

Philosophy ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-471
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Rational Belief ◽  
Royal Institute ◽  
Annual Lecture ◽  
Crispin Wright ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
Christopher Peacocke ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Paul Boghossian

NotebookRoyal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series, 2000–2001Logic, Thought and Language200013 October Mark Sainsbury What Logic Should We Think With?20 October Gregory McCulloch Mental Representation27 October Julia Tanney Self-Knowledge, Normativity, and Construction3 November Barry Smith Thought and Language10 November Alan Millar The Normativity of Intention and Meaning17 November Gabriel Segal tba24 November David Wiggins tba1 December Crispin Wright Relativism and Classical Logic8 December Jennifer Hornsby Communication200119 January Christopher Peacocke tba26 January M. G. F. Martin Language2 February A. W. Moore What Are These familiar Words Doing Here?9 February Scott Surgeon The Conditionality of Thought16 February Timothy Williamson Possible Beings23 February S. G. Williams Ambiguity2 March Bob Hale Logical Knowledge9 March Charles Travis Rethinking Psychologism16 March Paul Boghossian Rational BeliefAll Lectures to be given at 14 Gordon Square, London WC1 on Fridays at 5.45 pm. Admission is free.

Moore’s Proof, Perception, and Scepticism (Moores Beweis, Wahrnehmung und Skeptizismus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-576
Author(s):  
Simon Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
External World ◽  
Probabilistic Argument ◽  
Crispin Wright ◽  
Transmission Failure

Two major arguments have been advanced for the claim that there is a transmission failure in G.E. Moore’s famous proof of an external world. The first argument, due to Crispin Wright, is based on an epistemological doctrine now known as ‘conservatism’. Proponents of the second argument, like Nicholas Silins, invoke probabilistic considerations, most important among them Bayes’ theorem. The aim of this essay is to defend Moore’s proof against these two arguments. It is shown, first, that Wright’s argument founders because one of its premises, viz., conservatism, invites scepticism and must therefore be rejected. Then the probabilistic argument is challenged, not because its formal part is dubious, but rather on the grounds that it incorporates an unconvincing philosophical claim as an implicit premise. Finally, the two most promising objections to dogmatism—the negation of conservatism—are repudiated.

scholarly journals The Fine-Tuning Argument and the Requirement of Total Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fisher Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Total Evidence

Fine-Tuning Futures

ASHA Leader ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning

Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
The Impact

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.

L’inspection à distance sur les rails

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Mise En Œuvre ◽  
De Se

Depuis le début de la crise sanitaire, la filière nucléaire ainsi que les autorités de contrôle ont modifié leur façon de travailler et d’inspecter, car il n’est pas toujours possible aux inspecteurs de se rendre sur les sites nucléaires ou dans les usines. La mise en oeuvre de nouvelles solutions d’inspections à distance s’inscrira probablement parmi les pratiques usuelles post-épidémie, pour une part des contrôles, l’inspection physique demeurant de toute façon incontournable pour un certain nombre d’opérations.

Etude en Microscopie électronique de différentes Etapes de la Fibrinoformation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pouit ◽  
G Marcille ◽  
M Suscillon ◽  
D Hollard
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Microscopie Électronique ◽  
De Se

RésuméNous avons étudié en microscopie électronique par la technique de coloration négative : la molécule de fibrinogène, les étapes intermédiaires de la fibrinoformation et la fibre de fibrine. Nous avons constaté que la molécule de fibrinogène se présentait sous forme d’éléments globulaires, à pH 8,3 et pour une force ionique de 0,2, le diamètre moyen mesure 240 Â. L’observation des molécules de taille variable (entre 180 Å et 420 Å) et de filaments très minces nous a conduit à émettre l’hypothèse d’une molécule capable de se dérouler sous certaines conditions physiques. L’ensemble des clichés observés suggère qu’au cours de l’organisation périodique de la fibre, le matériel protéique change de structure. Ce phénomène se manifeste par une diminution des éléments globulaires qui constituent les bandes transversales (de 280 Å à 30 Å) et le développement à partir de ces éléments d’un réseau de filaments longitudinaux, très denses, porteurs de fins granules dont l’alignement forment des sous striations transversales. Il se produit aussi une diminution de la période qui passe de 300 Å à 230 Å.

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