Ultrasound Evaluation of the Respiratory Variations of the Internal Jugular Vein Compared to the Respiratory Variations of the Inferior Vena Cava as a Guidance of Fluid Responsiveness in Septic Shock

Background Septic shock is one of the most complex hemodynamic failure syndromes. It is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care unit. Fluid resuscitation is of paramount importance in septic shock. However, its correction should be carefully guided to avoid unnecessary volume expansion. Ultra- sonographic evaluation of fluid responsiveness plays an important role in septic shock. Objectives The objective of the study was to verify the feasibility and usefulness of the internal jugular vein distensibility index in prediction of fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients undergoing mechanical ventilation compared to the inferior vena cava distensibility index. Methodology The study was carried out in Ain Shams University Hospital from February 2019 to November 2019, on twenty patients 20 patients of both sex who were admitted to the intensive care unit and diagnosed as septic shock (sepsisinduced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation and require vasopressors and serum lactate > 2 mmol/ L) As regard the hemodynamic parameters, patients were classified into two groups: Fluid responders and non-fluid responders. Results The study demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between internal jugular vein distensibility index (IJV DI) and inferior vena cava distensibility index (IVC DI) in prediction of fluid responsiveness. IVC DI index cutoff value was > 12.6% with sensitivity 80% and specificity 80% and IJV DI cut off value was >8.4% with sensitivity 86.67% and specificity 80%. Conclusion ultra-sonographic assessment of the internal jugular vein distensibility index (IJV DI) and inferior vena cava distensibility index (IVC DI) are useful dynamic indices in assessment of the intravascular volume state in mechanically ventilated septic shock patients. IJV and IVC show comparable value in the prediction of fluid responsiveness.